Neural Bases of Speech Perception
Conditions
Keywords
Speech perception, Left temporal lobe, Right temporal lobe
Brief summary
Left and right temporal brain areas are thought to contribute to speech perception, but the division of labor between left and right hemisphere regions is still unclear. Here we use transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to stimulate left and right temporal foci and a vertex control site to temporarily disrupt activation at the stimulation site, using a virtual lesion approach to test the effect of stimulation site on a series of speech perception tasks. This portion of the project is basic research. However, since TMS is viewed as an intervention, studies involving TMS in this grant are considered clinical trials.
Detailed description
This study uses TMS to temporarily disrupt neural activity in the left and right temporal cortex and examine the effect of this disruption on speech perception tasks. Vertex stimulation is included as a control condition against which left and right superior temporal stimulation effects are compared. Adult participants first undergo structural MRI and a speech localizer using functional MRI to identify speech-sensitive voxels in the left and right temporal cortex. These regions are set by-participant as the foci for stimulation. Stimulation site is blocked, and typically distributed across sessions. 10 Hz pulse trains of 2.5 sec each are delivered to the stimulation site, with an auditory stimulus arriving either immediately after the last pulse (Exps 2 and 6) or, for longer sentence level stimuli (Exp 3), during the pulse train. Behavioral measures include accuracy and reaction times to rate phonetic stimuli (Exp 2), detect the presence of a probe word in the preceding sentence (Exp 3), or categorize stimuli by phonetic contrast and talker (Exp 6).
Interventions
DEVICETranscranial Magnetic Stimulation
TMS will be delivered in 10 Hz pulses for 2.5 seconds, with behavioral measures of speech perception and object categorization immediately following each pulse. TMS at this schedule is thought to temporarily disrupt activity at the stimulation site.
Sponsors
National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
University of Connecticut
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Masking description
Participants will receive stimulation at different sites (left and right temporal areas, vertex control), and may be aware of the location of placement of the TMS coil, so in a strict sense participants cannot be fully unaware of the stimulation site.
Intervention model description
Participants will receive blocks of stimulation at the left temporal lobe, right temporal lobe, and vertex, with the order of stimulation counterbalanced across participants (a crossover design). All analysis is within-subject. Participants in each arm will hear different types of speech stimuli, which allows for the assessment of the effect of stimulation at different stimulation sites on processing that specific aspect of the speech signal.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Monolingual native speaker of English * No history of neurological impairments or disease * Free of speech and language disorders (per self-report, and confirmed by short language battery described by Fidler, Vance, & Plante, 2011) * Pure-tone thresholds of 30 decibels or better in both ears (no worse than mild hearing loss), with no more than 15 dB between-ear difference. * Right-handed, as confirmed by Oldfield Handedness Inventory
Exclusion criteria
* Any condition where TMS would be contraindicated according to the most recent guidelines, including, but not limited to: * History of seizure or epilepsy * Metal in the skull * Use of legal or illicit drugs that can potentially reduce the threshold for seizure. As examples, we list some exclusionary drugs in each of the following categories. This is not an exhaustive list of the exclusionary drugs. We consult with faculty in the University of Connecticut College of Pharmacy to check for seizure risk with other drugs that participants report. * Antidepressants including Imipramine, amitriptyline, sertraline, venlafaxine, buproprion * Antipsychotics including Chlorpromazine, clozapine, haloperidol, aripiprazole * Antivirals including foscarnet, ganciclovir * Antiparasitics including chloroquine, mefloquine (antiparasitics) * Antibiotics including penicillin, ampicillin * Immunosuppressants including cyclosporin * Anticholinergenics * Antihistimines (including over-the-counter drugs like Claritin & Benadryl) * Sympathomimetics (including Sudafed, Ritalin). * Illegal drugs such as methamphetamines, cocaine, MDMA, ketamine. * Diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder (per self-report) * Pregnancy
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Categorization accuracy | Immediately following the stimulation pulses (within one second of the final pulse). | Participants categorize items which vary along a perceptual continuum. Steepness of the categorization curve is extracted to estimate categorization accuracy. |
| Two-alternative forced choice accuracy | Immediately following the stimulation pulses (within one second of the final pulse). | Participants are given two options and asked to indicate which item they heard in the previous signal. Accuracy in making this decision is a primary outcome measure. |
| Two-alternative forced choice reaction time | Immediately following the stimulation pulses (within one second of the final pulse). | Participants are given two options and asked to indicate which item they heard in the previous signal. Reaction time to make this decision is a primary outcome measure. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed