Binocular; Fusion, With Defective Stereopsis, Binocular Vision Suppression, Diplopia, Monocular Diplopia
Conditions
Keywords
Visual confusion, Rivalry, Head mounted display, Stereoscopic displays, Binocular vision
Brief summary
In this research study we want to test how people understand a visual scene when the same image is presented to both the eyes, but portions of these images are altered in terms of contrast, depth or in some cases motion.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALBinocular visual confusion (unilateral opaque)
The peripheral target was a horizontally drifting grating measuring 10° by 10°, with a spatial frequency of 1 cycle per degree and a temporal frequency of 3 Hz, and located at 10° above the fixation. For the binocular visual confusion condition, the non-transparent (opaque) peripheral target will be displayed on only one eye (unilateral opaque display).
BEHAVIORALUnilateral monocular visual confusion (unilateral see-through)
The peripheral target was a horizontally drifting grating measuring 10° by 10°, with a spatial frequency of 1 cycle per degree and a temporal frequency of 3 Hz, and located at 10° above the fixation. For the unilateral monocular visual confusion condition, the half-transparent peripheral target will be displayed on only one eye (unilateral see-through display).
BEHAVIORALBilateral monocular visual confusion (bilateral see-through)
The peripheral target was a horizontally drifting grating measuring 10° by 10°, with a spatial frequency of 1 cycle per degree and a temporal frequency of 3 Hz, and located at 10° above the fixation. For bilateral monocular visual confusion condition, the half-transparent peripheral target will be displayed on both eyes (bilateral see-through display).
Sponsors
National Eye Institute (NEI)
Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
All participants in the group will see all three interventions (peripheral targets in three visual confusion conditions) in a randomized order. In this study design, each participant will serve as their own control, and the order of the interventions will be randomized to account for potential carryover or ordering effects. There will be no comparison or control group. The outcome will be compared through a within-subject analysis.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
14 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Better than 20/40 visual acuity in the worse eye * No restrictions of the peripheral visual field: (at least 60 degrees vertically and 40 degrees horizontally) * At least 14 years of age (no upper age limit) * Able to give voluntary, informed consent * Able to understand English * Binocular vision parameters within normal limits (Stereopsis ≤ 100 arc sec on any stereo test)
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with any physical or mental disabilities, including cognitive dysfunction, balance problems, or other deficits that could impair their ability to respond to the stimuli presented in this study will be excluded * Being unable to complete sessions lasting 2-3 hours
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Total Viewing Time That Peripheral Target is Perceived | Approximately 1-2 sessions to finish total 6 trials, up to 2 hours for each session, any time within the 4month study period | (Total time the peripheral target in the visual confusion condition was visible) / (total viewing time (=1 min)) |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
13 participants were recruited and screened for eligibility and all of them met the inclusion criteria.
Pre-assignment details
13 participants were recruited and screened for eligibility and all of them met the inclusion criteria.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Visual Confusion The study participants will respond to various visual confusion stimuli presented on a stereoscopic display designed to simulate binocular/monocular visual confusions
Visual confusion: We will show peripheral target images on a background motion in a stereoscopic display. For the binocular visual confusion condition, the target peripheral image will be displayed on only one eye. For unilateral and bilateral monocular visual confusion conditions, the half-transparent peripheral image will be displayed on only one eye and both eyes, respectively. | 13 |
| Total | 13 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Visual Confusion |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 30.46 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.25 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian/Non-hispanic | 8 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White/Non-hispanic | 5 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 13 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 5 Participants |
| Stereo-acuity | 27.7 arcseconds STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.28 |
| Visual acuity | 19.38 Snellen fraction (20/X) STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.21 |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 13 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 13 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 13 |
Outcome results
Primary
Percentage of Total Viewing Time That Peripheral Target is Perceived
(Total time the peripheral target in the visual confusion condition was visible) / (total viewing time (=1 min))
Time frame: Approximately 1-2 sessions to finish total 6 trials, up to 2 hours for each session, any time within the 4month study period
Population: Each subject observed two trials in each visual confusion condition. There were three visual confusion conditions, so each subject participated in 6 trials. Since 13 subjects participated, the total number of trials analyzed was 78 trials (6 \* 13). For each visual confusion condition, 26 trials were analyzed.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Visual Confusion | Percentage of Total Viewing Time That Peripheral Target is Perceived | Binocular visual confusion (unilateral opaque target) | 73.56 Percentage of Time | Standard Deviation 17 |
| Visual Confusion | Percentage of Total Viewing Time That Peripheral Target is Perceived | Unilateral monocular visual confusion (unilateral see-through target) | 59.64 Percentage of Time | Standard Deviation 25.42 |
| Visual Confusion | Percentage of Total Viewing Time That Peripheral Target is Perceived | Bilateral monocular visual confusion (bilateral see-through target) | 87.81 Percentage of Time | Standard Deviation 13.85 |
Comparison: Effect of visual confusion conditions (binocular, unilateral monocular, and bilateral monocular visual confusions) on Percentage of Total Viewing Time Peripheral Target is Perceived is analyzed by repeated measure (within-subject) ANOVA. The test was performed with a significance level of 0.05.p-value: <0.01ANOVA