Emergency Paramedics' Fatigue, Mental Fatigue
Conditions
Keywords
pupillary light reflex (PLR), automated quantitative pupillometry, Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), heart rate variability (HRV), electroencephalography (EEG)
Brief summary
Due to the limitations of current approaches to assess emergency paramedics' fatigue, a portable, quick, easy, and objective technique is required to be developed. The aim of the study was to investigate the reliability of automated pupillometry to assess mental fatigue based on a driver simulator.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTpupillometer
The dynamic changes of PLR were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of PLR with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec. The device provided the examiner with maximum and minimum pupil size (Init and End), constriction percentage (%PLR), latency (LAT), constriction and dilation velocity (CV and DV), and T75.
Sponsors
Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 35 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* All participants held valid driving license of more than 2 years, with at least half of a year driving experience, had regular sleep pattern, normal or corrected to normal vision and no history of any psychiatric disorder.
Exclusion criteria
* None.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Standard deviation of the NN intervals of heart rate variability | Baseline | Using the SA-3000P (Medicore, Korea) , subjects were instructed to stay with eyes open, be silent, and breath normally during measurement. |
| subjective assessments | Baseline | Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), a 9-point scale for assessing sleepiness with responses ranging from extremely alert (1) to very sleepy (9) . |
| %PLR (percentage of change) | Baseline | The dynamic changes of pupillary light reflex were measured using the PLR-3000 pupillometer (NeurOptics, CA, USA), a hand-held portable device. Determination of pupillary light reflex with automated pupillometry can be performed with a rubber cup covering the measured eye and the subject's hand covering the non-measured eye. A flash of visible white light with a duration of 0.8 sec and a pulse intensity of 50 µW is delivered to induce a pupillary reflex, and repeated video images at more than 30 frames/sec are stored for 6.65 sec. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Electroencephalography power in theta band | Baseline | The eego™ mylab system (ANT Neuro, Germany) was applied to record the raw electroencephalography signal, using a 64-channel waveguard™ original electrode cap with electrodes in accordance with the international 10 \ 20 Montage system. electroencephalography was sampled with a frequency of 1kHz using an eego™ amplifier. Electrode impedences of the selected channels were kept below 5 kΩ before recording. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed