Stress, Emotional
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to conduct a trial of the tailored Mindfulness- Based Intervention (MBI) (.b) vs. attention control to test real-world feasibility and acceptability of this tailored Mindfulness - Based Intervention (MBI) in youth experiencing homelessness (YEH).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALtailored MBI (.b)
The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures.
BEHAVIORALattention control condition
Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH.
Sponsors
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
DOUBLE (Caregiver, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 25 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* homeless youth receiving services at one of the recruitment sites in Houston, Texas area at the time of enrollment * English speaking * able to participate for the entire study period (i.e., not moving during the study)
Exclusion criteria
* overtly exhibiting symptoms of severe, untreated mental illness criteria * not staying at the shelter * currently experiencing homelessness or unstable housing
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | Baseline | The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation. |
| Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | Baseline | The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness |
| Mindfulness as Measured by Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) | Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention | The CAMS-R is a 12-item measure and each item is scored from 1( rarely/not at all)-4(almost always). Higher values reflect greater mindful qualities |
| Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | Baseline | The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.. |
| Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Baseline | The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress. |
| Feasibility as Assessed by the Percentage of Participants Enrolled in the Study | Baseline | Percentage of participants who met study eligibility criteria who enroll (provide informed consent) in the study |
| Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Adhere to Treatment | 6 months post intervention | Number of participants who adhere to treatment is measured by the number of participants who attended at least 3 of 5 group sessions. |
| Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 3 Months Follow up | 3 months post intervention | — |
| Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 6 Months Follow up | 6 months post intervention | — |
| Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Expectancy Subscale | 6 months post intervention | The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The expectancy subscale is reported. |
| Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Credibility Subscale | 6 months post intervention | The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The credibility subscale is reported. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | Baseline | The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking. |
| Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | Baseline | Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities. |
| Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | Baseline | The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others. |
| Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | Baseline | PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Negative affect is measured by 10 items (items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20) score ranges from 10-50, with lower scores indicating lower levels of negative effect. The negative affect score is reported. |
| Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | Baseline | PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Positive affect is measured by 10 items (items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19) score ranges for 10-50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive effect. The Positive affect score is reported. |
| Depression as Measured by Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) | Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention | The scale is a 13 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(not true)-2(true),higher score indicating worse outcome |
| Anxiety as Measured by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory | Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention | This scale is a 40 item questionnaire, each question is scored from 1(very much so)-4 (not at all), a higher score indicates a worse outcome |
| Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | Baseline | The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability. |
| Risk Seeking as Measured by Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) | Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2-4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention | The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a computerized measure of risk taking behavior. Each click causes the balloon to incrementally inflate and money to be added to a counter up until some threshold, at which point the balloon is over inflated and explodes. The primary score used to measure BART performance is the adjusted average number of pumps on unexploded balloons, with higher scores indicative of greater risk-taking propensity |
| Distress as Measured by Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) | Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention | This is a 10-item questionnaire,each item is scored from 1(none of the time)-5(all of the time) for a total score ranging from 10-50 and a higher score indicating worse outcome |
| Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | Baseline | A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported. |
| Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | Baseline | A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported. |
| Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Baseline | The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression. |
| Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | Baseline | The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety. |
| Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | Baseline | The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
A total of 121 participants were screened. Of those, 90 met the inclusion criteria and were enrolled.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) tailored MBI (.b): The session will include brief didactic presentations, videos, and mindfulness practice followed by inquiry. We anticipate that sessions will take place twice a week. Sessions will be held on site at the Covenant House Texas (CHT) shelter in a quiet, designated learning space to ease access to sessions for the participants and to assure access to shelter staff (e.g., social workers and case managers) and services (e.g., food and shelter). CHT has onsite, weekday clinical and mental health care and established protocols for accessing needed resources 24/7. Selection criteria for the interventionist include maintaining a personal mindfulness practice for at least two years, trained in .b, and prior experience working with high-risk youth. The interventionist will receive additional training in Trauma-Informed Care as well as study procedures. | 45 |
| Attention Control Condition attention control condition: Participants will receive no training in MBI or meditation. Topics covered may include physical activity, nutrition, managing weight, understanding adolescence, personal care, avoiding tobacco, alcohol, and drugs though this will be finalized in YR-1 with the HYWG and advisory panel. The HT program will be led by a positive adult instructor with training in health education or a related field and experience working with YEH. | 45 |
| Total | 90 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Tailored MBI (.b) | Attention Control Condition | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 21.05 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.86 | 21.90 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.81 | 21.48 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.88 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 13 Participants | 13 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 32 Participants | 32 Participants | 64 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 3 Participants | 1 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 19 Participants | 28 Participants | 47 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 5 Participants | 4 Participants | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 2 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 5 Participants | 5 Participants | 10 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 12 Participants | 4 Participants | 16 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 45 participants | 45 participants | 90 participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 10 Participants | 17 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 29 Participants | 27 Participants | 56 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Non-binary/ non-conforming | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Other (unspecified) | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender Female | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Transgender Male | 2 Participants | 0 Participants | 2 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 45 | 0 / 45 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 45 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 45 | 0 / 45 |
Outcome results
Primary
Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Credibility Subscale
The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The credibility subscale is reported.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were only collected from participants who completed the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Credibility Subscale | 7.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Attention Control Condition | Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Credibility Subscale | 6.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.22 |
Primary
Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Expectancy Subscale
The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) was used to assess the acceptability of the intervention. All participants completed both subscales: the credibility subscale and the expectancy subscale. Each subscale total score ranges from 0 to 10, with higher scores indicating greater perceived acceptability. The expectancy subscale is reported.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were only collected from participants who completed the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Expectancy Subscale | 7.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.28 |
| Attention Control Condition | Acceptability as Assessed by the Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire - Expectancy Subscale | 6.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.74 |
Primary
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 93.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.41 |
| Attention Control Condition | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 82.62 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.42 |
Primary
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 90.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 24.21 |
| Attention Control Condition | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 94.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.17 |
Primary
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 86.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.82 |
| Attention Control Condition | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 94.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.19 |
Primary
Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
The DERS is a 36-item questionnaire, and each item is scored from 1(almost never)-5 (almost always). The 36 items were added to generate a scale from 36 to 180, a higher score indicates greater problem with emotion regulation.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 85.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.25 |
| Attention Control Condition | Emotion Regulation as Measured by Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) | 91.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.64 |
Primary
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Adhere to Treatment
Number of participants who adhere to treatment is measured by the number of participants who attended at least 3 of 5 group sessions.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Adhere to Treatment | 35 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Adhere to Treatment | 41 Participants |
Primary
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 3 Months Follow up
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 3 Months Follow up | 31 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 3 Months Follow up | 28 Participants |
Primary
Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 6 Months Follow up
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 6 Months Follow up | 25 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Feasibility as Assessed by the Number of Participants Who Completed the 6 Months Follow up | 24 Participants |
Primary
Feasibility as Assessed by the Percentage of Participants Enrolled in the Study
Percentage of participants who met study eligibility criteria who enroll (provide informed consent) in the study
Time frame: Baseline
Population: This outcome measure includes only participants who were enrolled in the pilot trial.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Feasibility as Assessed by the Percentage of Participants Enrolled in the Study | 90 Participants |
Primary
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 23.84 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.3 |
| Attention Control Condition | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 27.38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.26 |
Primary
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 26.89 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.47 |
| Attention Control Condition | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 24.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.41 |
Primary
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 28.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.08 |
| Attention Control Condition | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 27.74 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.61 |
Primary
Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
The CAMM is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never true)-4 (always true). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, a higher score indicates higher levels of mindfulness
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 25.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.2 |
| Attention Control Condition | Mindfulness as Measured by Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) | 30.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.39 |
Primary
Mindfulness as Measured by Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R)
The CAMS-R is a 12-item measure and each item is scored from 1( rarely/not at all)-4(almost always). Higher values reflect greater mindful qualities
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) was used to assess Mindfulness. As a result, no participants received the CAMS-R, and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the CAMM are reported under a different outcome measure.
Primary
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Attention Control Condition | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
Primary
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| Attention Control Condition | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.37 |
Primary
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.6 |
| Attention Control Condition | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
Primary
Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) total score ranges from 1 to 5, higher score indicating greater self compassion..
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.06 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| Attention Control Condition | Self-Compassion as Measured by Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.44 |
Primary
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 16.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.97 |
| Attention Control Condition | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 18.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.65 |
Primary
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 18.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.64 |
| Attention Control Condition | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 18.65 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.92 |
Primary
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 20.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.51 |
| Attention Control Condition | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 18.31 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.15 |
Primary
Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
The PSS is a 10 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(never)-4(very often). The 10 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 40, higher score indicating a higher perceived stress.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 18.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.2 |
| Attention Control Condition | Stress as Measured by Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | 17.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.4 |
Secondary
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale
The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 6.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.67 |
| Attention Control Condition | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 6.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.96 |
Secondary
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale
The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 8.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.52 |
| Attention Control Condition | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 5.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.74 |
Secondary
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale
The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 5.68 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.53 |
| Attention Control Condition | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 5.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.17 |
Secondary
Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale
The Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) scale is a 7 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 7 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of symptoms of anxiety.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 6.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.06 |
| Attention Control Condition | Anxiety as Measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale | 5.53 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.86 |
Secondary
Anxiety as Measured by Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
This scale is a 40 item questionnaire, each question is scored from 1(very much so)-4 (not at all), a higher score indicates a worse outcome
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was not administered to participants. Instead, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Scale was used to assess Anxiety. As a result, no participants received the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the GAD Scale are reported under a different outcome measure.
Secondary
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 9.52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.48 |
| Attention Control Condition | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 7.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.2 |
Secondary
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 7.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.06 |
| Attention Control Condition | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 8.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.14 |
Secondary
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 8.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.56 |
| Attention Control Condition | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 7.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.47 |
Secondary
Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a 9 item questionnaire. Each Item is scored from 0 (not at all) to 3 (nearly every day). The 9 items were added to generate a scale from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depression.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 6.19 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.9 |
| Attention Control Condition | Depression as Measured by Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | 7.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.08 |
Secondary
Depression as Measured by Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ)
The scale is a 13 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 0(not true)-2(true),higher score indicating worse outcome
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to assess Depression. As a result, no participants received the SMFQ, and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the PHQ-9 are reported under a different outcome measure.
Secondary
Distress as Measured by Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10)
This is a 10-item questionnaire,each item is scored from 1(none of the time)-5(all of the time) for a total score ranging from 10-50 and a higher score indicating worse outcome
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (1day after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was not administered to participants. Instead, the PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress was used to assess Distress. As a result, no participants received the K10 , and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress are reported under a different outcome measure.
Secondary
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress
The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 17.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.84 |
| Attention Control Condition | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 14.69 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.77 |
Secondary
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress
The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 16.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.25 |
| Attention Control Condition | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 16.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.96 |
Secondary
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress
The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 16.19 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.99 |
| Attention Control Condition | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 15.86 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.63 |
Secondary
Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress
The Promise item bank v.1.0- Emotional Distress 7 item questionnaire includes responses from 1 (never) to 5 (always). Total score ranges from 7 to 35, a higher score indicating higher emotional distress.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 17.76 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.81 |
| Attention Control Condition | Distress as Measured by PROMIS Item Bank v.1.0-Emotional Distress | 14.39 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.81 |
Secondary
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)
Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.04 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| Attention Control Condition | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.33 |
Secondary
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)
Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.01 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Attention Control Condition | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.11 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
Secondary
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)
Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.32 |
| Attention Control Condition | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
Secondary
Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI)
Executive Function as Measured by the 13 item Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) total score ranges from 1 (true) to 3 (not true), higher score indicates better executive abilities.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.03 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Attention Control Condition | Executive Function as Measured by the Amsterdam Executive Function Inventory (AEFI) | 2.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.42 |
Secondary
Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)
PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Negative affect is measured by 10 items (items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20) score ranges from 10-50, with lower scores indicating lower levels of negative effect. The negative affect score is reported.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 17.88 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.21 |
| Attention Control Condition | Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 18.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.78 |
Secondary
Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)
PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Negative affect is measured by 10 items (items 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 15, 18, and 20) score ranges from 10-50, with lower scores indicating lower levels of negative effect. The negative affect score is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 6 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 6 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 17.54 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.84 |
| Attention Control Condition | Negative Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 18.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.5 |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 20 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 16 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 30 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 24 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 5 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 28 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 21 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item asked whether or not you ever had sexual intercourse. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the question. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 18 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Are Sexually Active | 18 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 19 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 17 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the question. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 22 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 20 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: Immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the question.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 29 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 28 Participants |
Secondary
Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs)
A single item question was used to assess this outcome. The item listed various drug substances and asked whether any of those listed had been used in their life. The number of participants who answered yes is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 35 Participants |
| Attention Control Condition | Number of Participants Who Ever Used Drugs or Substances (Marijuana, Prescription Pain Medicine Without a Prescription, Synethic Marijuana, Cocaine, Inhalants, Heroin, Meth, Ecstasy, Injection Drugs) | 34 Participants |
Secondary
Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)
PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Positive affect is measured by 10 items (items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19) score ranges for 10-50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive effect. The Positive affect score is reported.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 34.22 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.55 |
| Attention Control Condition | Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 31.49 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.59 |
Secondary
Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF)
PANAS-SF is a 20 item questionnaire, each item is scored from 1(very slightly or not at all)-5(extremely). Positive affect is measured by 10 items (items 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 12, 14, 16, 17, and 19) score ranges for 10-50 with higher scores indicating higher levels of positive effect. The Positive affect score is reported.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 6 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 6 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 31.95 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.06 |
| Attention Control Condition | Positive Affect as Measured by Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-SF) | 32.62 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.4 |
Secondary
Risk Seeking as Measured by Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART)
The Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) is a computerized measure of risk taking behavior. Each click causes the balloon to incrementally inflate and money to be added to a counter up until some threshold, at which point the balloon is over inflated and explodes. The primary score used to measure BART performance is the adjusted average number of pumps on unexploded balloons, with higher scores indicative of greater risk-taking propensity
Time frame: Baseline, immediately after intervention (about 2-4 weeks after baseline),3 months post intervention,6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected for this outcome measure because the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was not administered to participants. Instead, the Risk Propensity Scale was used to assess Risk Seeking. As a result, no participants received the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), and no data were collected for this outcome measure. Therefore, zero participants were analyzed for this outcome. Data from the Risk Propensity Scale are reported under a different outcome measure.
Secondary
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.
The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 40.97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.57 |
| Attention Control Condition | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 46.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.78 |
Secondary
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.
The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 7 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 43.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.72 |
| Attention Control Condition | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 43.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.95 |
Secondary
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.
The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 39.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 19.08 |
| Attention Control Condition | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 40.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.82 |
Secondary
Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale.
The Risk Propensity Scale is 7 items and total score ranges from 0 to 100, a higher score indicating greater risk taking.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 3 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 44.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 14.09 |
| Attention Control Condition | Risk Seeking as Measured by Risk Propensity Scale. | 45.56 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9 |
Secondary
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale
The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 26.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.69 |
| Attention Control Condition | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 32.26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.03 |
Secondary
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale
The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 30.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.13 |
| Attention Control Condition | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 31.59 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.56 |
Secondary
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale
The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 27.64 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.79 |
| Attention Control Condition | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 30.46 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.07 |
Secondary
Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale
The scale is a 8 item questionnaire and each item is scored from 1(strongly disagree)-6(strongly agree). The 8 items were added to generate a scale from, 8 to 48, a higher score indicating more connectedness to others.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 30.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.24 |
| Attention Control Condition | Social Connectedness as Measured Social Connectedness Scale | 31.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.54 |
Secondary
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale
The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.
Time frame: 6 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 14.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.96 |
| Attention Control Condition | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 12.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.33 |
Secondary
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale
The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.
Time frame: 3 months post intervention
Population: Data were not collected from 1 participant in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey. Data were not collected from 1 participant in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 12.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.85 |
| Attention Control Condition | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 12.85 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.67 |
Secondary
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale
The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.
Time frame: immediately after completing the intervention (about 2 to 4 weeks after baseline)
Population: Data were not collected from 4 participants in the attention control condition arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 13.92 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.84 |
| Attention Control Condition | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 15.34 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.79 |
Secondary
Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale
The Psychological Vulnerability Scale is a 6 item questionnaire. Each item is scored from 1 (does not describe me at all) to 5 (describes me very well). The 6 items were added to generate a scale from 6 to 30, a higher score indicates more vulnerability.
Time frame: Baseline
Population: Data were not collected from 2 participants in the tailored MBI (.b) arm because they did not complete the survey.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored MBI (.b) | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 14.81 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.1 |
| Attention Control Condition | Vulnerability as Measured by Psychological Vulnerability Scale | 13.16 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.35 |