Opioid-use Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
digital therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)
Brief summary
This is an open-label, randomized, parallel-group multicenter study designed to evaluate the efficacy of the digital therapeutic OXD01 (MODIA) combined with sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone standard of care (SL BUP/NAL SOC) background therapy compared to SL BUP/NAL alone to change opioid use patterns in subjects with opioid use disorder (OUD). Approximately 400 subjects will be randomized. The study will include a screening visit and a randomization visit, followed by 24 weeks of study treatment. Subjects will be scheduled for evaluation visits, which will include a urine drug screen (UDS) and a self-report of drug use, weekly during the first four weeks of treatment, then every other week from weeks 5 through 12, then monthly through week 25. Subjects will also return to the site for only a UDS and a self-report of drug use each week between the evaluation visits. The primary objective of the study is to determine whether the combination of sublingual (SL) buprenorphine/naloxone (BUP/NAL) standard of care (SOC) background therapy and the digital therapeutic OXD01 is superior to SL BUP/NAL alone to reduce opioid use.
Detailed description
Medication-assisted treatment, the current standard for opioid addiction, is the use of medications in combination with counseling and behavioral therapies to provide a whole-patient approach to the treatment of OUD. However, patients may not have optimal access to face-to-face clinical behavioral health services. Digital therapeutics can help bridge the gap between accessible services and optimal treatment of OUD, the primary goal of which is to reduce the use of opioids. OXD01 is a device-based digital therapeutic, designed to offer individuals diagnosed with OUD quality psychotherapy intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing. This study is being conducted to determine the value of OXD01 when combined with medication to change opioid use patterns in subjects with OUD. Note: No investigational product will be administered as part of this study.
Interventions
DEVICEOXD01 digital therapy
OXD01 digital therapy, 1-2 times per week 15-30 minutes each time.
OTHERStandard of Care
Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone Medication-assisted treatment, the current standard for opioid addiction; the use of medications in combination with counseling
Sponsors
Orexo AB
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Male or female 18 - 65 years of age at the screening visit, fluent in English and able to read, comprehend, and willingly sign the informed consent form (ICF). 2. Voluntarily seeking treatment for OUD. 3. In the judgment of the Investigator has the appropriate hearing, vision, manual dexterity, ability to understand instructions, and ability to use and understand internet-based applications. 4. Currently meets the criteria for moderate or severe opioid use disorder according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-V (Appendix B). 5. Has a positive UDS for opioids at screening that is consistent with their drug use history. 6. In good health as determined by lack of clinically significant abnormalities in health assessments performed at screening. 7. Agrees not to take any buprenorphine products other than those prescribed by the Investigator during participation in the study, and agrees to use OXD01 as directed if randomized to that treatment group. 8. Completed SL BUP/NAL induction, with physical withdrawal symptoms reduced so the subject is able to fulling participate in OXD01 training, if randomized to that treatment group, and is no greater than 14 days from the first dose of SL BUP/NAL induction.
Exclusion criteria
* 1\. Unwilling or unable to comply with the requirements of the protocol or are in a situation or condition that, in the opinion of an Investigator, may interfere with participation in the study (e.g., does not have reliable internet access). 2\. History of allergy or sensitivity to naloxone, buprenorphine or other opioids, or history of any drug hypersensitivity or intolerance which, in the opinion of an Investigator, would compromise the safety of the subject. 3\. Used an investigational drug within 30 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is greater) prior to randomization. 4\. Received prescribed medication-assisted treatment with buprenorphine, methadone, or naltrexone for opioid use disorder within 14 days prior to screening. 5\. Past or present diseases that, judged by an Investigator and based on available medical history/records, may jeopardize the safety of the subject or impact the validity of the study results. 6\. Tongue piercing, or piercings in the mouth or oral deformities that may affect sublingual absorption, in the opinion of an Investigator. 7\. Hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder in the past 30 days, not including inpatient treatment for drug rehabilitation. 8\. Schizophrenia, or other serious mental illness defined as a mental, behavioral, or emotional disorder resulting in serious functional impairment which substantially interferes with or limits participation in the study. 9\. A Quick Inventory of Depression Symptoms - Self-Report (QIDS-SR, Appendix C) score ≥ 16 (severe depression) or a rating of 2 or 3 for question 12 (Thoughts of Death or Suicide) at screening. 10\. A current diagnosis, other than opioid use disorder, requiring chronic opioid treatment. 11\. Chronic pain that is unremitting or unstable. 12. Current DSM-V diagnosis of moderate to severe substance use disorder for psychoactive substances other than opioids, caffeine, marijuana, or nicotine. 13\. Requires current use of medications that are strong inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 (Section 4.3.1). 14\. Any pending legal action that could affect participation or compliance in the trial. 15\. Is an employee of the Investigator or the trial site, with direct involvement in the proposed trial or other trials under the direction of the Investigator or trial site, or is a family member of the Investigator or an employee.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Success Rate | Week 6 to Week 25 | The primary objective was to determine whether the combination of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (SL BUP/NAL) and OXD01 was superior to SL BUP/NAL alone to reduce opioid use, measured by the treatment success rate. Treatment success was defined as the subject having \>/=80% of urine drug tests negative for opioids plus \>/=80% of self-reports negative for illicit opioid use from Week 6 to Week 25. Each subject was evaluated as a success or failure for this metric. The percentage of subjects in each group demonstrating treatment success was tested using the Chi-square test. If the subject withdrew from the study, the urine drug tests and self-reports for illicit opioid use for all visits after withdrawal were imputed as positive. If the subject completed the study with missing visits, the missing urine drug tests and self-reports for illicit opioids were imputed as positive. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cumulative Response Rate | Week 6 to Week 25 | The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of both a negative urine drug test for opioids and a negative self-report for illicit use of opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20), and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups. |
| Cumulative Response Rate - Drug Test for Illicit Use of Opioids | Week 6 to Week 25 | The cumulative response rate for the illicit use of opioids was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of a negative urine drug test for opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20), and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups. |
| Cumulative Response Rate - Self-reports of Illicit Use of Opioids | Week 6 to Week 25 | The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of a negative self-report for illicit use of opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20) and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups. |
| Percentage of Subjects Abstinent | Week 25 | Abstinence is defined as a subject having urine drug tests negative for opioids as well as self-reports negative for illicit use of opioids at Week 25. Positive urine drug tests or positive timeline followback (TLFB) qualified as not abstinent. Each subject was scored as abstinent or non-abstinent and the groups were compared using a chi-squared test. |
| Proportion of Subjects Completing the Study | Week 25 | A study completer was defined as a subject who completed either the urine drug screen (UDS) or the self-report assessment at the Week 25 visit. The endpoint completion rate differs from the disposition completion rate because the disposition rate used the study completion definition instead of the UDS or self-report assessment at the Week 25 visit. |
| Global Clinical Impression - Severity | Week 13 and Week 25 | Clinical global Impression - severity - The severity of opioid dependence was assessed at Week 13 and Week 25 using the following assessment scale: Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the subject at this time? 0 = Not assessed 1. = Normal, not at all ill 2. = Borderline ill 3. = Mildly ill 4. = Moderately ill 5. = Markedly ill 6. = Severely ill 7. = Among the most extremely ill subjects |
| Clinical Global Impression - Improvement | Week 13 and Week 25 | Clinical global impression - improvement - Improvement in severity of opioid dependence from baseline (study Day 1) was assessed by the Investigator at the visit on Week 13 and Week 25 using the following assessment scale: Rate total improvement whether or not, in your judgement, it is due entirely to drug treatment. Compared to his or her condition at admission to the project, how much has the subject changed? 0 = Not assessed 1. = Very much improved 2. = Much improved 3. = Minimally improved 4. = No change 5. = Minimally worse 6. = Much worse 7. = Very much worse |
| Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Day 1 (baseline) and Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25. | Cravings for opioids were assessed by the subject through the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 mm represents no cravings and 100 mm represents the most intensive craving I have ever had. The baseline craving VAS assessment was collected on study Day 1 and subsequent assessments were collected at the visit on Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25. |
| Cumulative Response Rate - Illicit Non-opioid Drugs of Abuse | Week 6 to Week 25 | The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of both a negative urine drug test for opioids and a negative self-report for illicit use of non-opioid drugs of abuse at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20) and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups. |
| Resource Use - Number of Hospitalizations | Weeks 1-25 | Number of subject hospitalizations weeks 1-25. |
| Resume Productive Activity | Week 25 | Subjects were asked if they were able to resume work, school, or other productive activities. The possible responses were Yes, No, and No Change. Only subjects with non-missing data in each group were included in the analysis. |
| Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits | Weeks 1-25 | Number of subject emergency department visits weeks 1-25. |
| Overdose Events | Weeks 1-25 | Overdose events |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Patients were recruited from 30 June 2021 to 12 April 2023 at 36 outpatient sites in the United States.
Pre-assignment details
Screening All Consented Subjects n (%) Screened: 672 Screen failure: 235 ( 35.0) Primary reason for screen failure due to COVID-19: 2 ( 0.3) Primary reason for screen failure: Failure to meet randomization criteria - 134 ( 19.9) Lost to follow-up - 63 ( 9.4) Withdrawal by subject - 23 ( 3.4) Adverse event - 2 (0.3) Physician decision - 1 (0.1) Other - 11 (1.6) Missing - 1 (0.1)
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone titrated to a maintenance dose that suppresses withdrawal signs and symptoms
Subjects in both groups will receive the assigned treatment for 24 weeks. Subjects in both groups may also be encouraged to participate in behavioral health therapies in accordance with the Investigator's standard of practice. | 218 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 Sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone titrated to a maintenance dose that suppresses withdrawal signs and symptoms plus OXD01 digital therapy, accessed for 15-30 minutes, 1-2 times per week
Subjects in both groups will receive the assigned treatment for 24 weeks. Subjects in both groups may also be encouraged to participate in behavioral health therapies in accordance with the Investigator's standard of practice. | 219 |
| Total | 437 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Total | SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 39.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.41 | 40.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.56 | 41.9 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 10.63 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 37 Participants | 78 Participants | 41 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 171 Participants | 338 Participants | 167 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 10 Participants | 21 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 30 Participants | 55 Participants | 25 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 180 Participants | 371 Participants | 191 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 218 participants | 437 participants | 219 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 90 Participants | 201 Participants | 111 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 128 Participants | 236 Participants | 108 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 1 / 218 | 0 / 219 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 41 / 218 | 38 / 219 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 9 / 218 | 7 / 219 |
Outcome results
Primary
Treatment Success Rate
The primary objective was to determine whether the combination of sublingual buprenorphine/naloxone (SL BUP/NAL) and OXD01 was superior to SL BUP/NAL alone to reduce opioid use, measured by the treatment success rate. Treatment success was defined as the subject having \>/=80% of urine drug tests negative for opioids plus \>/=80% of self-reports negative for illicit opioid use from Week 6 to Week 25. Each subject was evaluated as a success or failure for this metric. The percentage of subjects in each group demonstrating treatment success was tested using the Chi-square test. If the subject withdrew from the study, the urine drug tests and self-reports for illicit opioid use for all visits after withdrawal were imputed as positive. If the subject completed the study with missing visits, the missing urine drug tests and self-reports for illicit opioids were imputed as positive.
Time frame: Week 6 to Week 25
Population: Full Analysis Population
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Treatment Success Rate | 70 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Treatment Success Rate | 67 Participants |
p-value: 0.7326Chi-squared
Secondary
Clinical Global Impression - Improvement
Clinical global impression - improvement - Improvement in severity of opioid dependence from baseline (study Day 1) was assessed by the Investigator at the visit on Week 13 and Week 25 using the following assessment scale: Rate total improvement whether or not, in your judgement, it is due entirely to drug treatment. Compared to his or her condition at admission to the project, how much has the subject changed? 0 = Not assessed 1. = Very much improved 2. = Much improved 3. = Minimally improved 4. = No change 5. = Minimally worse 6. = Much worse 7. = Very much worse
Time frame: Week 13 and Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Clinical Global Impression - Improvement | Week 13 | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Clinical Global Impression - Improvement | Week 25 | 2.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Clinical Global Impression - Improvement | Week 13 | 2.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Clinical Global Impression - Improvement | Week 25 | 2.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
Secondary
Cumulative Response Rate
The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of both a negative urine drug test for opioids and a negative self-report for illicit use of opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20), and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups.
Time frame: Week 6 to Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Cumulative Response Rate | 41.9 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 40.83 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Cumulative Response Rate | 42.2 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 38.61 |
p-value: 0.7396Kolmogorov-Smirnoff
Secondary
Cumulative Response Rate - Drug Test for Illicit Use of Opioids
The cumulative response rate for the illicit use of opioids was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of a negative urine drug test for opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20), and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups.
Time frame: Week 6 to Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Cumulative Response Rate - Drug Test for Illicit Use of Opioids | 43.6 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 41.5 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Cumulative Response Rate - Drug Test for Illicit Use of Opioids | 45.0 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 39.82 |
p-value: 0.871Kolmogorov-Smirnoff
Secondary
Cumulative Response Rate - Illicit Non-opioid Drugs of Abuse
The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of both a negative urine drug test for opioids and a negative self-report for illicit use of non-opioid drugs of abuse at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20) and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups.
Time frame: Week 6 to Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Cumulative Response Rate - Illicit Non-opioid Drugs of Abuse | 39.31 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 39.879 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Cumulative Response Rate - Illicit Non-opioid Drugs of Abuse | 40.82 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 37.625 |
p-value: 0.7201Kolmogorov-Smirnoff
Secondary
Cumulative Response Rate - Self-reports of Illicit Use of Opioids
The cumulative response rate was calculated from Week 6 to Week 25 of treatment. Response was defined as the presence of a negative self-report for illicit use of opioids at a study visit. The cumulative response rate from Week 6 to Week 25 is calculated by dividing the number of responses from Week 6 to Week 25 by the total number of visits (20) and then multiplying by 100%. The outcome is expressed as the mean percent response in each treatment group. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov method was used to compare the treatment groups.
Time frame: Week 6 to Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Cumulative Response Rate - Self-reports of Illicit Use of Opioids | 51.9 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 41.25 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Cumulative Response Rate - Self-reports of Illicit Use of Opioids | 51.3 percent of visits with a response | Standard Deviation 39.4 |
p-value: 0.8816Kolmogorov-Smirnoff
Secondary
Global Clinical Impression - Severity
Clinical global Impression - severity - The severity of opioid dependence was assessed at Week 13 and Week 25 using the following assessment scale: Considering your total clinical experience with this particular population, how mentally ill is the subject at this time? 0 = Not assessed 1. = Normal, not at all ill 2. = Borderline ill 3. = Mildly ill 4. = Moderately ill 5. = Markedly ill 6. = Severely ill 7. = Among the most extremely ill subjects
Time frame: Week 13 and Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Global Clinical Impression - Severity | Week 13 | 2.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Global Clinical Impression - Severity | Week 25 | 2.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.15 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Global Clinical Impression - Severity | Week 13 | 2.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Global Clinical Impression - Severity | Week 25 | 2.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
Secondary
Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline
Cravings for opioids were assessed by the subject through the use of a visual analog scale (VAS), where 0 mm represents no cravings and 100 mm represents the most intensive craving I have ever had. The baseline craving VAS assessment was collected on study Day 1 and subsequent assessments were collected at the visit on Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21, and 25.
Time frame: Day 1 (baseline) and Weeks 5, 9, 13, 17, 21 and 25.
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 9 | -3.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.02 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 17 | -6.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.89 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 5 | -7.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 23.8 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 21 | -9.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.9 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 13 | -9.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.58 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 25 | -12.0 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.95 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Day 1 (baseline) | 34.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.44 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 25 | -16.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 32.13 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Day 1 (baseline) | 32.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.83 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 5 | -6.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 25.26 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 9 | -7.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.87 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 13 | -9.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.32 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 17 | -9.2 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.46 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Opioid Cravings - Change From Baseline | Week 21 | -11.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 29.49 |
Secondary
Overdose Events
Overdose events
Time frame: Weeks 1-25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Overdose Events | 0.0 overdose events | Standard Deviation 0.23 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Overdose Events | 0.0 overdose events | Standard Deviation 0.13 |
Secondary
Percentage of Subjects Abstinent
Abstinence is defined as a subject having urine drug tests negative for opioids as well as self-reports negative for illicit use of opioids at Week 25. Positive urine drug tests or positive timeline followback (TLFB) qualified as not abstinent. Each subject was scored as abstinent or non-abstinent and the groups were compared using a chi-squared test.
Time frame: Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Percentage of Subjects Abstinent | Abstinent at Week 25 | 84 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Percentage of Subjects Abstinent | Not abstinent at Week 25 | 134 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Percentage of Subjects Abstinent | Abstinent at Week 25 | 78 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Percentage of Subjects Abstinent | Not abstinent at Week 25 | 141 Participants |
p-value: 0.5281Chi-squared
Secondary
Proportion of Subjects Completing the Study
A study completer was defined as a subject who completed either the urine drug screen (UDS) or the self-report assessment at the Week 25 visit. The endpoint completion rate differs from the disposition completion rate because the disposition rate used the study completion definition instead of the UDS or self-report assessment at the Week 25 visit.
Time frame: Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Proportion of Subjects Completing the Study | 137 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Proportion of Subjects Completing the Study | 127 Participants |
p-value: 0.2996Chi-squared
Secondary
Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits
Number of subject emergency department visits weeks 1-25.
Time frame: Weeks 1-25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits | 0.1 number of emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Resource Use - Emergency Department Visits | 0.2 number of emergency department visits | Standard Deviation 0.55 |
Secondary
Resource Use - Number of Hospitalizations
Number of subject hospitalizations weeks 1-25.
Time frame: Weeks 1-25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Resource Use - Number of Hospitalizations | 0.0 hospitalizations | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Resource Use - Number of Hospitalizations | 0.0 hospitalizations | Standard Deviation 0.22 |
Secondary
Resume Productive Activity
Subjects were asked if they were able to resume work, school, or other productive activities. The possible responses were Yes, No, and No Change. Only subjects with non-missing data in each group were included in the analysis.
Time frame: Week 25
Population: Full analysis population
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Resume Productive Activity | No | 6 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Resume Productive Activity | Yes | 97 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy | Resume Productive Activity | No change | 76 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Resume Productive Activity | Yes | 107 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Resume Productive Activity | No | 4 Participants |
| SL BUP/NAL SOC Background Therapy + OXD01 | Resume Productive Activity | No change | 54 Participants |
Comparison: Summary statistics are presented.