HIV
Conditions
Keywords
HIV, Adolescents, Mozambique, ART adherence, Viral suppression
Brief summary
This is a cluster-randomized trial designed to compare the effectiveness of the CombinADO strategy versus optimized standard of care (SOC) on viral suppression, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and retention in HIV care among adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) ages 10 to 24 years attending participating health facilities. Clinics are the units of intervention allocation and randomization. The control condition will be implemented at all facilities (n=12) participating in the trial. The enhanced intervention condition will be superadded to this at a randomly selected half (n=6) of facilities. The goal of this study is to learn whether an enhanced, tailored intervention helps AYAHIV do better with their HIV care (take their medications, stay in care) than the usual care that they receive.
Detailed description
HIV burden among adolescents and young people worldwide is substantial, with an estimated 1.7 million adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV in 2019, and 460,000 adolescents aged 15-24 newly infected reported in the same year. Adolescent girls continue to be disproportionately affected, accounting for 56% of new infections worldwide. With increased availability of antiretroviral therapy (ART), pediatric mortality has decreased and healthcare workers (HCW) are now challenged to meet the complex needs of the large number of surviving youth who must cope with HIV as a chronic, highly stigmatized, and transmittable illness. There are 1.8 billion people between ages 10 and 24 and it is projected that the number of people \<20 years will double by 2030. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), youth aged 10-24 years comprise 30-35% of the countries' population. Failure to prevent new HIV infections among adolescents will result in increased numbers of adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV) who will strain health and social service systems as they transition to adulthood.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALRadio Ads
Engaging radio mini shows that address community stigma and medical literacy through busting common myths with humor and building empathy with heartfelt storytelling.
BEHAVIORALCommunity Sensitization Campaign
Large-scale, infographic billboards and posters located in public areas and secondary schools to address stigma, medical literacy and promote community support for AYAHIV.
BEHAVIORALInformational Posters
Large-scale, infographic posters located in clinic waiting areas to normalize HIV and build confidence in treatment.
BEHAVIORALMotivation Walls
Interactive, patient-generated posters located in the consultation room where patients can post words and phrases about themselves and their futures.
OTHERPill Container
A discreet pill container to support ART adherence.
OTHERCombinADO-specific training for healthcare workers
Comprehensive in-service training for healthcare workers focused on the needs of adolescents and young adults living with HIV
OTHEROne Stop Shop Model of Care
Model of care that allows adolescents and young adults living with HIV to access a complete set of services, including HIV care, in one central location.
OTHERTreatment Toolkit
A guide to clinic visits and discussions on ART and viral load monitoring to help healthcare workers better communicate with patients.
OTHERSelf-reflection Kit
A simple handout for healthcare workers to help patients reflect on their ART progress and understand the concept of viral load as a measure of ART success.
BEHAVIORALPeer Support
Peer exposure to examples of adolescents and young adults openly living with HIV (AYAHIV) and; opportunities to share their experiences with HIV in one-on-one interactions with other AYAHIV during clinic visits.
BEHAVIORALInformational and motivational Video
An informational and motivational video that in simple language with engaging graphics that a) demystifies and simplifies HIV, ART, and viral load and; b) emphasizes that people can live long, healthy lives.
BEHAVIORALSupport groups- caregivers of adolescents and young adults living with HIV
A learning, support, and empowerment group for caregivers of adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV). Through monthly gatherings, the program aims to foster confidence, and equip caregivers with strategies to support AYAHIV adherence journey.
BEHAVIORALSupport groups- adolescents and young adults living with HIV
A peer-to-peer learning, support, and empowerment group to address loss of hope and improve medical literacy. Through biweekly gatherings, the program aims to foster belonging and confidence, equipping young people and caregivers with strategies to navigate the adherence journey.
BEHAVIORALMental health screening and linkage to adolescent-focused mental health support
HCWs will be trained in the use of a brief mental health screening tool focusing on depression, anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Mental health service providers at each facility will be trained and supported to provide diagnostic and mental health support to youth with positive screens who agree to further evaluation.
Sponsors
University of Cape Town
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
Columbia University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
A cluster-randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of the CombinADO strategy versus optimized standard of care (SOC) on viral suppression, ART adherence and retention in HIV care among AYAHIV ages 10-24yrs attending participating health facilities. Clinics are the units of intervention allocation and randomization. The control condition will be implemented at all facilities (n=12) participating in the trial. The enhanced intervention condition will be superadded to this at a randomly selected half (n=6) of facilities.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
10 Years to 24 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
Adolescents and young adults living with HIV (AYAHIV): Inclusion Criteria: 1. HIV-positive, per medical records and confirmed by health facility staff 2. Age 10 to 24 years 3. Registered as a patient at study site 4. Aware of HIV+ status 5. Provision of signed and dated informed consent form 6. For adolescents under 18 years of age, informed assent and parental informed consent to participate in the study 7. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures
Exclusion criteria
1\. Has an acute medical condition requiring immediate medical care Caregivers of AYAHIV: Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 years and older 2. Attending a caregiver-specific support group 3. Willingness to be audio-recorded Healthcare Workers (HCW) and Key Informants (KI): Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age 18 years and older 2. Involved in the provision, management, or oversight of adolescent-focused HIV services at the 12 specified study sites 3. Willingness to be audio-recorded For all study participants (AYAHIV, caregivers, HCW and KI):
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYAHIV) with viral suppression (Viral load <50 copies/ml) | 12 months post intervention implementation | Viral suppression among AYAHIV at intervention versus control sites |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of eligible adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYAHIV) attending clinic in a 90 day window from end of intervention implementation, as assessed at 12 months post intervention. | 12 months post intervention implementation | Retention in HIV care & treatment among AYAHIV at intervention versus control sites |
| Self-reported adherence measured using 3-item adherence scale (mean score) | 12 months post intervention implementation | Self-reported ART adherence among adolescents and young people living with HIV at intervention versus control sites will be measured using a three-item adherence scale. The three items include (1) an assessment of the number of days with missed ART doses in the preceding 30 days \[0-30 days\]; (2) a scale rating of how good a job you did taking your medicines in the preceding 30 days (never/rarely/sometimes/usually/almost always/always) and (3) a scale rating of how often you took your medicines the way you were supposed to in the preceding 30 days (very poor/poor/fair/good/very good/ excellent). For analyses using raw scores, item responses for the three adherence items will be linearly transformed to a 0-100 scale with zero being the worst adherence, and 100 representing perfect adherence. The mean of the three scores are then taken to get an equally weight aggregate scale score. An overall mean from the scores from all participants will be reported. |
| Proportion of participants with detectable antiretroviral (ARV) on dried blood spot (DBS) specimen | 12 months post intervention implementation | ART adherence among among adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYAHIV) at intervention versus control sites, ARV levels |
Countries
Mozambique
Outcome results
None listed