Pain Syndrome
Conditions
Brief summary
Surgeons often see patients with pain to exclude organic pathology and consider surgical treatment. We examined factors associated with long-term opioid therapy among patients with foot/ankle, anorectal, and temporomandibular joint pain to aid clinical decision making. Using the IBM MarketScan® Research Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of patients aged 18-64 with a clinical encounter for foot/ankle, anorectal, or temporomandibular joint pain (January 2007-September 2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with long-term opioid therapy, including age, sex, geographic region, pain condition, psychiatric diagnoses, and surgical procedures in the previous year.
Interventions
OTHERNo intervention - retrospective observational cohort study
Sponsors
Stanford University
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
* 18-64 years old * at least one encounter for anorectal, foot/ankle, or TMJ pain * Marketscan continuous enrollment for 1 year prior and 1 year after the index pain encounter
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term opioid use | >90 days of opioid supply | opioid prescriptions for 3 months. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| new long-term opioid use | >90 days of opioid supply | Opioid prescriptions for over 3 months in patients who have not had prior opioid prescriptions. |
Outcome results
None listed