Chemotherapy-induced Nausea and Vomiting
Conditions
Keywords
Chemotherapy, Capsaicin, Nausea and Vomiting
Brief summary
Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the few most severe adverse effects of chemotherapy, which often panic patients undergoing cancer treatment. Though acute episodes of CINV are well controlled with pharmacologic agents, delayed CINV continues to present a treatment challenge. Significant progress has been made over the past many years in discovering the pathophysiology of CINV. Primarily, three areas in the brain including central pattern generator (CPG), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and area postrema (AP) are implicated in generating emetic reflex in all types of CINV (anticipatory, acute and delayed). The latter two areas NTS and AP are located at the caudal end of the fourth ventricle of brain which lies outside of the blood brain barrier and hence are stimulated by agents present in either blood and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Furthermore, NTS and AP are rich in muscarinic, dopamine, serotonin, neurokinin (NK1) and histamine receptors which are particularly important in delayed CINV. Clinical trials of antimuscarinic, antidopaminergic, antihistaminic drugs to prevent CINV have yielded inconclusive results except for olanzapine which is known to act on multiple receptors in NTS/AP. Only NK1 antagonists (e.g. aprepitant) which prevent substance P (SP) from binding to NK1 receptors have shown promising results and are clinically used to prevent delayed CINV. SP is a tachykinin peptide encoded by TAC1 (tachykinin precursor 1) gene and is found abundant in both peripheral and CNS. NK1 receptors in NTS/AP upon binding with SP will generate emetic reflex which will trigger delayed CINV. Though the topical analgesic drug capsaicin is reported to interfere with endogenous SP, its antiemetic potential in CINV has not been studied. This study intend to explore the antiemetic potential of capsaicin which is known to interfere with SP release in the GIT and CNS.
Interventions
DRUGCapsaicin
Topical capsaicin ointment
DRUGPlacebo
Topical placebo ointment
Sponsors
Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Adult chemotherapy naïve patients of at least 18 years old 2. Diagnosed with a malignant disease and scheduled for highly emetogenic chemotherapy (as defined by NCCN guidelines v1.2019) 3. No concurrent radiotherapy or use of other antiemetic drugs except (dexamethasone, ondansetron/granisetron, and olanzapine) 4. Normal renal and hepatic function
Exclusion criteria
1. Pregnant or breast feeding 2. Contraindication for capsaicin or other medications in the study 3. Has ongoing nausea and/or vomiting of other etiology 4. History of anticipatory nausea and/or vomiting or has vomited/nauseated within 24 hours prior to the start of scheduled chemotherapy 5. Chronic alcoholism
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Nausea | Within 15 days of chemotherapy | Number of participants with chemotherapy-induced nausea that occurs after 24 hours of the first cycle |
| Vomiting | Within 15 days of chemotherapy | Number of participants with chemotherapy-induced vomiting that occurs after 24 hours of the first cycle |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Overall chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting | Within 15 days of chemotherapy | Number of participants with both immediate and delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting |
| Severity of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting | Within 15 days of chemotherapy | Number of participants with severe, moderate and mild chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting |
| Use of rescue medication | Within 15 days of chemotherapy | Number of participants requiring rescue medication for nausea and vomiting |
Countries
India
Outcome results
None listed