Heart Failure
Conditions
Brief summary
The present is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial aiming to investigate the clinical benefit of a stepwise, natriuresis-driven diuretic strategy versus standard diuretic treatment in patients with acute decompensated heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and low early urinary sodium excretion. The study will focus on patients at increased risk of resistance to diuretic therapy. In particular, patients admitted to the emergency department and cardiac intensive care unit due to an on-chronic or de-novo acute decompensated HF episode with a predominantly wet profile and low early spot urinary sodium (UNa+) excretion will be considered. Spot natriuresis is a low-cost, non-demanding laboratory test in use to identify diuretic-resistant patients with an inherent poor prognosis. Whether the early identification of diuretic resistant patients and the consequent more aggressive treatment may lead to a better outcome has not been demonstrated by randomized studies. This trial aims to assess if an intensive stepwise diuretic approach guided by systematic urinary output assessment including natriuresis evaluation versus a standard diuretic strategy based on urinary output alone effectively leads to faster euvolemia achievement and better prognosis in a real-world setting.
Interventions
OTHERIntensive sodiuria-guided diuretic treatment
Intensive stepwise diuretic treatment based on combined diuresis and urinary sodium assessment
OTHERStandard diuretic treatment
Stepwise diuretic therapy based on diuresis assessment
Sponsors
University of Turin, Italy
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Admission for acute decompensate chronic heart failure or acute de novo heart failure * Ejection Fraction \<40% * Severe signs and symptoms of congestion with modified wet score ≥ 12 * Spot urinary sodium excretion ≤ 70 mEq/L at 2 hours from first intravenous loop diuretic administration * Systolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg
Exclusion criteria
* Reversible etiology of acute heart failure (including acute coronary syndromes, myocarditis, acute pulmonary embolism, acute rhythm disorders, severe organic valve disease) * Cardiogenic shock at admission or sign of hypoperfusion needing inotropic agents or mechanical circulatory support. * eGFR lower than 15 ml/min/1.73m2 or dialysis * Pregnancy or breastfeeding
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Evidence of significant reduction of congestion defined as absolute reduction of at least 1 point in wet score grading of congestion after 48 hours of treatment | 48 hours | Assessment of WET score (Gheorghiade et al, EJHF 2010) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Freedom from congestion at 48 hours, defined as jugular venous pressure of <8 cm, with no orthopnea and with trace peripheral edema or no edema | 48 hours | — |
| Treatment failure, defined as persistent congestion (graded by wet score ≥12/20) after 24, 48 and 72 hours of diuretic treatment or need for renal replacement therapy. | 24,48 and 72 hours | — |
| Worsening or persistent heart failure | 48 hours | worsening heart failure symptoms or failure of the patient's condition to improve with treatment requiring the initiation of intravenous inotropic therapy and/or the implementation of mechanical circulatory or ventilatory support up until 48 hours |
| Composite endpoint of all-cause mortality, urgent LVAD implant or Heart Transplantation at 30 and 90 days. | 30 and 90 days | — |
| All-cause mortality | 30 and 90 days | — |
| Cardiac cause mortality | 30 and 90 days | including myocardial infarction, irreversible heart failure, cardiogenic shock, fatal arrhythmic events |
| Rehospitalization for heart failure | 30 and 90 days | — |
| Worsening renal function | 48 hours | absolute increase in serum creatinine \> 0.3 mg/dl or \> 1,5-fold from baseline at any time from randomization to 48 hours |
| Incidence of severe hypokalemia, severe hyponatremia or symptomatic electrolytes disorders during treatment protocol | 72 hours | hypokalemia \<3 mEq/L, severe hyponatremia \<125 mEq/L |
| Severe symptomatic hypotension | 72 hours | Systolic arterial pressure \< 80 mmHg |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Total Urinary output and urine output/40 mg furosemide | 24 and 48 hours | ml/mg furosemide |
| Variation of body weight and body weight/40 mg furosemide | 24 and 48 hours | kg/mg furosemide |
| Variation of NT-proBNP at 48 hours | 48 hours | — |
| Variation of wet score at 24 and 72 hours | 24 and 72 hours | — |
| Dyspnea severity variation at 24 and 48 hours assessed by dyspnea Visual Assessment Scale (VAS). | 24 and 48 hours | — |
| Fluid balance | 24, 48 and 72 hours | In/out fluid balance |
| Time spent in Intensive Cardiac Intensive Care Unit | 90 days | days |
| Time to discharge from hospital | 90 days | days |
| Time to oral switch of diuretic treatments | 90 days | days |
Countries
Italy
Contacts
Primary ContactSimone Frea, MD
Outcome results
None listed