Caries; Initial
Conditions
Keywords
carbon dioxide laser, fluoride, orthodontic treatment, caries inhibition
Brief summary
The aim of the study is to assess the viability and efficacy of carbon dioxide laser in combination with a fluoride varnish in the prevention, severity, and extent of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Detailed description
White spot lesions associated with orthodontic treatment are a common problem. The carbon dioxide laser is reported to be the most effective one in the prevention of dental caries. The study is designed as a randomized, split-mouth controlled, clinical trial. The participants will be children aged 12-18 years at high caries risk, requiring fixed orthodontic treatment. The vestibular surfaces of the maxillary anterior teeth of the eligible patients will be exposed to carbon dioxide laser irradiation in combination with fluoride therapy and fluoride therapy alone followed by bonding of orthodontic brackets. The patients will be recalled 6 and 12 months post-irradiation. Outcome measures will be visual examination with the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria and SoproLife ® Daylight and Blue fluorescence.
Interventions
PROCEDURETopical fluoride application and Laser irradiation
Topical fluoride varnish application (Clinpro™ White Varnish 5% Sodium Fluoride, 3M ESPE, USA) of the vestibular surfaces of the left maxillary anterior teeth followed by laser irradiation with CO2-laser (Ultra Dream Pulse, DS\_40U, Daeshin Enterprise, Seoul, South Korea), emission wavelength 10,600 nm, time on-100 μs, time off-40 ms; average power-0.73 W; peak power-292.73 W; speed of movement-2 mm/s; energy density with movements-5 J/cm2; tip-to-tissue distance-20 mm; tip diameter 700 μm; irradiation time-30 s.
PROCEDURETopical fluoride application
Topical fluoride varnish application (Clinpro™ White Varnish 5% Sodium Fluoride, 3M ESPE, USA) of the vestibular surfaces of the left maxillary anterior teeth
Sponsors
Plovdiv Medical University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
randomized, split-mouth controlled, clinical trial
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Participants in the study are children ages 12 and older, in good general health * Children, requiring fixed orthodontic treatment (brackets) * Children at high caries risk according to 'Oral disease risk assessment tool' accepted and used in the Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dental medicine, Medical University - Plovdiv, Bulgaria * Children with untreated non-carious vestibular surfaces of the six maxillary anterior teeth of the permanent dentition (central and lateral incisors, canines) with ICDAS code 0 * Verbal assent from the child willing to comply with all study procedures and protocol * Obtained written informed consent by the patient's parent/guardian for participation in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Children with systemic diseases that may affect oral health or oral microflora (such as diabetes, etc.) * Children with medication intake that could affect the salivary flow or oral microflora (such as antibiotics, etc.) * Children with mental or cognitive problems * Patients with maxillary anterior permanent teeth affected by disturbances in the development of dental structures (hypoplasia, hypomineralization, fluorosis)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes into International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) codes | 1 year | The International Caries and Detection System (ICDAS) is a visual scoring system developed for use in clinical assessment and clinical research of caries development and progression. It uses a numbered scoring system with a range from 0 to 6, to grade enamel demineralization and cavitation. Code of '0' represents unaffected/sound enamel, no caries change, '1' - first visual change, represents initial demineralization that is visible only after air drying, '2' represents a distinct visual change in the enamel that is visible when the surface is wet, '3' represents localized enamel loss or breakdown, no visible dentin or underlying shadow, and '4-6' represent larger carious lesions in dentin. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in SoproLife ® scores | 1 year | The SOPROlife score is a visual assessment of the caries levels. The SoproLife ® daylight intraoral camera (SoproLife ® Daylight mode) is used to record an intraoral picture with Sopro-imaging software (Acteon, Sopro, La Ciotat, France). The SoproLife ® blue fluorescence mode scores range from 0 to 5. Code of '0' is given when the surface appears shiny green, the enamel appears sound, and there are no visible changes, code '1' - a tiny, thin red shimmer is observed, no red dots appeared, code '2' - darker red spots are visible, code '3' - dark red spots have extended, a slight beginning roughness of the red areas can be visible, and codes '4-6' represent larger carious lesions in dentin. |
Countries
Bulgaria
Contacts
Primary ContactMaria Shindova, PhD
Outcome results
None listed