Vaping
Conditions
Brief summary
The aim of this study is to determine if graphic messages prevent future vaping use among African American and Latino adolescents. The images have been developed in a user-design model and include four main themes: health reward, financial reward, self-efficacy, and social norms. We will assess pre- and post-exposure reactions on likelihood of future vaping among African American and Latino adolescents.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALFinancial reward graphic message
Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Vaping leads to nothing. Don't let your money vaporize away.
BEHAVIORALHealth reward graphic message
Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Dying for a vape? It hurts more than you know.
BEHAVIORALSelf-efficacy graphic message
Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Vaping companies are targeting Black and Latino teens. Your life matters. Don't let them take it away.
BEHAVIORALSocial norms graphic message
Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Just because vaping is common, doesn't mean it's cool. Stay woke. Don't smoke.
Sponsors
National Cancer Institute (NCI)
University of Rochester
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
12 Years to 17 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* self-identify as African American/Black and/or Hispanic/Latino * know how to read and speak English and/or Spanish * have never used e-cigarettes * have access to a device that will be able to connect to the online survey
Exclusion criteria
* not identifying as African American/Black and/or Hispanic/Latino * using e-cigarettes
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping | baseline to post-intervention, approximately 1 day | Susceptibility to future vaping was assessed before and after exposure to the graphic messages. Informed by prior foundational research on youth electronic cigarette use, susceptibility was measured with three items assessing curiosity, intent, and social influence. Participants were asked, Have you ever been curious about using e-cigarettes/vaping?, Do you think that you will use e-cigarettes/vape in the next 12 months?, and If one of your best friends were to offer you an e-cigarette/electronic vapor product, would you use it? (1 = Definitely not to 4 = Definitely yes). Responses were dichotomized: participants were categorized as susceptible if they answered anything other than Definitely not to at least one item. The percentage of susceptible participants was calculated before and after exposure; change in percentage reflects the difference. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message | Day 1 | Satisfaction with the assigned vaping prevention graphic message was assessed using the item: How satisfied are you with the image? Responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Extremely unsatisfied to 5 = Extremely satisfied. Participants selecting 5 (Extremely satisfied) were categorized as satisfied. The percentage of satisfied participants was calculated per group. Higher percentages indicate greater satisfaction with the message. |
| Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend | Day 1 | participants were asked, Would you recommend this picture to a friend? with response options of Yes or No. The percentage of participants who responded Yes was calculated per group. Higher percentages indicate greater endorsement of the message. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Financial Reward Graphic Message Financial reward graphic message: Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Vaping leads to nothing. Don't let your money vaporize away. | 93 |
| Health Reward Graphic Message Health reward graphic message: Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Dying for a vape? It hurts more than you know. | 88 |
| Self-efficacy Graphic Message Self-efficacy graphic message: Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Vaping companies are targeting Black and Latino teens. Your life matters. Don't let them take it away. | 92 |
| Social Norms Graphic Message Social norms graphic message: Graphic image will be shared with the participants online once in either English or Spanish depending on their language of preference. Image includes the following text: Just because vaping is common, doesn't mean it's cool. Stay woke. Don't smoke. | 89 |
| Total | 362 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Total | Financial Reward Graphic Message | Health Reward Graphic Message | Self-efficacy Graphic Message | Social Norms Graphic Message |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 15.00 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.49 | 15.04 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.61 | 15.06 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.35 | 15.00 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.46 | 14.89 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.52 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black/African American | 181 Participants | 48 Participants | 42 Participants | 46 Participants | 45 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic/Latino | 181 Participants | 45 Participants | 46 Participants | 46 Participants | 44 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Puerto Rico | 18 participants | 4 participants | 7 participants | 6 participants | 1 participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 344 participants | 89 participants | 81 participants | 86 participants | 88 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 124 Participants | 38 Participants | 34 Participants | 26 Participants | 26 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 235 Participants | 54 Participants | 54 Participants | 65 Participants | 62 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 93 | 0 / 88 | 0 / 92 | 0 / 89 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 93 | 0 / 88 | 0 / 92 | 0 / 89 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 93 | 0 / 88 | 0 / 92 | 0 / 89 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping
Susceptibility to future vaping was assessed before and after exposure to the graphic messages. Informed by prior foundational research on youth electronic cigarette use, susceptibility was measured with three items assessing curiosity, intent, and social influence. Participants were asked, Have you ever been curious about using e-cigarettes/vaping?, Do you think that you will use e-cigarettes/vape in the next 12 months?, and If one of your best friends were to offer you an e-cigarette/electronic vapor product, would you use it? (1 = Definitely not to 4 = Definitely yes). Responses were dichotomized: participants were categorized as susceptible if they answered anything other than Definitely not to at least one item. The percentage of susceptible participants was calculated before and after exposure; change in percentage reflects the difference.
Time frame: baseline to post-intervention, approximately 1 day
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Reward Graphic Message | Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping | 1.1 percentage of participants |
| Health Reward Graphic Message | Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping | -5.7 percentage of participants |
| Self-efficacy Graphic Message | Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping | -2.3 percentage of participants |
| Social Norms Graphic Message | Change in Percentage of Participants Susceptible to Future Vaping | -3.2 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message
Satisfaction with the assigned vaping prevention graphic message was assessed using the item: How satisfied are you with the image? Responses were recorded on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 = Extremely unsatisfied to 5 = Extremely satisfied. Participants selecting 5 (Extremely satisfied) were categorized as satisfied. The percentage of satisfied participants was calculated per group. Higher percentages indicate greater satisfaction with the message.
Time frame: Day 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Reward Graphic Message | Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message | 68.8 percentage of participants |
| Health Reward Graphic Message | Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message | 69.3 percentage of participants |
| Self-efficacy Graphic Message | Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message | 34.7 percentage of participants |
| Social Norms Graphic Message | Percentage of Participants Satisfied or Very Satisfied With the Graphic Message | 56.1 percentage of participants |
Secondary
Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend
participants were asked, Would you recommend this picture to a friend? with response options of Yes or No. The percentage of participants who responded Yes was calculated per group. Higher percentages indicate greater endorsement of the message.
Time frame: Day 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (NUMBER) |
|---|---|---|
| Financial Reward Graphic Message | Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend | 90.3 percentage of participants |
| Health Reward Graphic Message | Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend | 94.3 percentage of participants |
| Self-efficacy Graphic Message | Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend | 70.6 percentage of participants |
| Social Norms Graphic Message | Percent of Participants Who Would Recommend the Graphic Message to a Friend | 80.8 percentage of participants |