Smoking Cessation
Conditions
Brief summary
This study aims to examine the efficacy of brief MI delivered by mobile instant messaging tools in promoting smoking cessation among unmotivated smokers with chronic diseases. Participants in the intervention group will receive a brief MI intervention while the control group will receive a placebo intervention.
Detailed description
Smoking plays a causal role in the development of chronic diseases and may increase the risk of disease progression or recurrence, elevate the risk of mortality, and reduce the efficacy of treatment for disease sufferers. However, a majority of smokers with chronic diseases are unmotivated, having no intention to quit. These characteristics underscore the critical need for appropriate and effective smoking cessation interventions targeting this population. Nevertheless, most existing smoking cessation services are generic, and none seems to target smokers suffering from chronic diseases. A systematic review indicated that no study had yet examined the efficacy of a smoking cessation intervention designed specifically for unmotivated smokers with chronic diseases. Though MI was effective in promoting smoking cessation among the general population, was not effective for smokers with chronic diseases, who as has been seen tend to be unmotivated smokers. Brief MI, accordingly, is better suited to reaching these smokers in clinical settings, but the application of this approach to smoking cessation contexts has not been well studied. The proposed intervention will be designed to promote smoking cessation among unmotivated smokers with chronic diseases. To reduce the influence of the participants' baseline characteristics on the efficacy of the intervention, this study will be designed to motivate them to change a selected unfavourable behaviour as a means to reduce their resistance to the intervention. The foot-in-the-door technique served both to facilitate the recruitment for the study and to enhance the participants' compliance with the intervention, in the latter case by promoting change in their selected unfavourable behaviour as a preliminary to further change. The rationale is that a small successful step increases readiness to take a further, larger step, in this case, smoking cessation. Given that the exponential growth in the number of users of mobile instant messaging tools, they represent a resource for efforts to promote health and enhance treatment compliance. These were among the considerations that informed the development in this study of an intervention using brief MI delivered by mobile instant messaging tools to facilitate smoking cessation among unmotivated smokers with chronic diseases.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALBrief MI intervention
Brief MI intervention
BEHAVIORALPlacebo intervention
Generic health advice consultations and self-help smoking cessation booklets
Sponsors
The University of Hong Kong
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Hong Kong Chinese over the age of 17 * Had smoked at least one cigarette per day over the previous three months * Had been diagnosed with at least one chronic disease * Able to speak Cantonese and read Chinese * Willing to take action to improve their health but had no intention to quit smoking * Had a smartphone and were able to use mobile instant messaging tools * Willing to receive health promotion advice and communicate through mobile instant messaging
Exclusion criteria
* Participating in other smoking cessation programs or services * With mental or cognitive impairment or communication problems
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemically validated smoking abstinence at 12 months | 12-month follow-up | The participants who self-reported not smoking within the past seven days will be invited to submit to a biochemical verification test of smoking abstinence, including an exhaled CO test and a salivary cotinine test. Smoking abstinence is defined as an exhaled CO level of less than 4 ppm and a saliva cotinine level lower than 15 ng/ml. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported smoking abstinence | 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-ups | Self-reported not smoking within the past seven days |
| Intention to quit | 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-ups | Individual's readiness to quit smoking within six months |
| Biochemically validated smoking abstinence at 6 months | 6-month follow-up | The participants who self-reported not smoking within the past seven days will be invited to submit to a biochemical verification test of smoking abstinence, including an exhaled CO test and a salivary cotinine test. Smoking abstinence is defined as an exhaled CO level of less than 4 ppm and a saliva cotinine level lower than 15 ng/ml. |
| Quit attempts | 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-ups | A period of intentional abstinence of more than 24 hours |
| Self-reported behavioural change | 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-ups | Individual's perceived modification of the selected unfavourable behaviour |
| Self-reported smoking reduction of at least 50% | 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-ups | Reduction in cigarette consumption from the baseline by at least 50% |
Countries
Hong Kong
Outcome results
None listed