Skip to content

A Open-label Study to Assess Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Multiple Sclerosis Participants Treated With Ofatumumab

An Open-label Multicenter Study to Assess Response to COVID-19 Vaccine in Participants With Multiple Sclerosis Treated With Ofatumumab 20 mg Subcutaneously

Status
Terminated
Phases
Phase 4
Study type
Interventional
Source
ClinicalTrials.gov
Registry ID
NCT04878211
Enrollment
24
Registered
2021-05-07
Start date
2021-06-10
Completion date
2023-04-14
Last updated
2025-05-16

For informational purposes only — not medical advice. Sourced from public registries and may not reflect the latest updates. Terms

Conditions

Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS)

Keywords

Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis, COVID, COVID-19, Vaccine, Coronavirus, adult, OMB157

Brief summary

This study evaluated if relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) participants treated with ofatumumab 20 mg subcutaneous (s.c.) administered once monthly could develop an adequate immune response to the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine compared to participants on an interferon or glatiramer acetate.

Detailed description

This was a six-cohort, multicenter, prospective study planned for up to 88 relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS) participants. The study was intended to address two questions: 1) Can participants treated with ofatumumab develop an immune response if receiving a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine two weeks prior to ofatumumab start? 2) If receiving COVID-19 mRNA vaccine after introduction of ofatumumab treatment, can participants develop an immune response? Cohort 1: participants received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least two weeks prior to ofatumumab start. Cohort 2: participants received an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks after beginning ofatumumab. Cohort 3: participants on an interferon or glatiramer acetate who received COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. Cohort 4: participants fully vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine at least four weeks after ofatumumab start. Cohort 5: participants vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine, with or without a booster dose, and on interferon or glatiramer acetate. Cohort 6: participants fully vaccinated with an RNA COVID-19 vaccine who received a booster dose at least four weeks after ofatumumab start. Participants obtained the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine from their HCP (private insurance) or appropriate federal, state or local program. Participants in Cohort 1 received loading doses of ofatumumab and subsequent dosing was 20 mg s.c. administered monthly. All other cohorts continued current dosing schedule of either ofatumumab, glatiramer acetate or interferon. Participation in trial was maximum of 421 days which was dependent on the Cohort.

Interventions

DRUGOfatumumab

3 loading doses followed by monthly administrations

Pfizer or Moderna mRNA Vaccine

DRUGinterferon or glatiramer acetate

iDMT

Sponsors

Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Lead SponsorINDUSTRY

Study design

Allocation
NON_RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE

Eligibility

Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
No

Inclusion criteria

* Signed informed consent must be obtained prior to participation in the study * Diagnosis of relapsing MS by 2017 revised McDonald criteria * Were willing to comply with the study schedule * Cohort 1: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) at least two weeks prior to starting ofatumumab * Cohort 2: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks * Cohort 3: Were receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on interferon or glatiramer acetate for at least 4 weeks * Cohort 4: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine) and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks * Cohort 5: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine), with or without a booster, and on interferon or glatiramer acetate for at least 4 weeks * Cohort 6: Fully vaccinated with a non-live COVID mRNA vaccine, (Pfizer or Moderna vaccine), with a booster, and on ofatumumab for at least 4 weeks

Exclusion criteria

* Received the J&J vaccine. * Had a contraindication to receiving an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine * Had an immediate allergic reaction to past vaccine or injection * Experienced a major episode of infection requiring hospitalization or treatment with intravenous antibiotics within 2 weeks prior to the screening visit

Design outcomes

Primary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Percentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Cohorts 1 - 3: >=14 days after vaccination: Day 36 (Pfizer) or Day 43 (Moderna); Cohorts 4-6: Day 1An immune response is defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay ≥14 days after full course \[2 doses\] vaccination to non live mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, Participants with a negative or borderline result were considered non-responders, as well as participants with a missing or invalid immune response assessment at 14 days post-vaccination (imputed as non-responders).

Secondary

MeasureTime frameDescription
Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Vaccination up to 70, 180, 270 and 360 daysAn immune response is defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay ≥14 days after full course \[2 doses\] vaccination to non live mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, Participants with a negative or borderline result were considered non-responders, as well as participants with a missing or invalid immune response assessment at 14 days post-vaccination (imputed as non-responders).
Percentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Cohorts 1 - 3: >=14 days after vaccination: Day 36 (Pfizer) or Day 43 (Moderna); Cohorts 4-5: Day 1Immune conversion was defined as (i) pre-vaccination absence of SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody with any post-vaccination positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay (Cohorts 1-3 only); or (ii) pre vaccination presence of SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody (i.e., pre vaccination value ≥0.80 U/mL) with any post-vaccination ≥4-fold increase in SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody titer (Cohorts 1-3 only); or (iii) initial negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay with any post-vaccination positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay (Cohorts 4 and 5 only). There was no baseline for Cohort 6 because there was no blood collection prior to vaccination.

Countries

United States

Participant flow

Pre-assignment details

There were 24 participants screened. Cohort = C

Participants by arm

ArmCount
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157
Vaccine naive, planning to start ofatumumab
5
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKs
Vaccine naive, currently on ofatumumab for ≥ 4 weeks
2
C3: VN - INFy or GA >=4 WKs
Vaccine naive, on interferon or glatiramer acetate for ≥ 4 weeks
0
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKs
Fully vaccinated, currently on ofatumumab for ≥ 4 weeks
1
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKs
Fully vaccinated, on interferon or glatiramer acetate for ≥ 4 weeks
11
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + Booster
Fully vaccinated, currently on ofatumumab for ≥ 4 weeks, \+ booster
5
Total24

Withdrawals & dropouts

PeriodReasonFG000FG001FG002FG003FG004FG005
Overall StudyLost to Follow-up000101
Overall StudyProtocol deviation100000
Overall StudyStudy terminated by sponsor000094
Overall StudySubject decision000010

Baseline characteristics

CharacteristicC1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsC3: VN - INFy or GA >=4 WKsC4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsC5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsC6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterTotal
Age, Categorical
<=18 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
>=65 years
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants
Age, Categorical
Between 18 and 65 years
5 Participants2 Participants0 Participants1 Participants11 Participants5 Participants24 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Black or African American
2 Participants0 Participants0 Participants1 Participants0 Participants3 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
Missing
0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants0 Participants1 Participants1 Participants
Race/Ethnicity, Customized
White
3 Participants2 Participants1 Participants10 Participants4 Participants20 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Female
5 Participants1 Participants0 Participants0 Participants8 Participants5 Participants19 Participants
Sex: Female, Male
Male
0 Participants1 Participants0 Participants1 Participants3 Participants0 Participants5 Participants

Adverse events

Event typeEG000
affected / at risk
EG001
affected / at risk
EG002
affected / at risk
EG003
affected / at risk
EG004
affected / at risk
EG005
affected / at risk
deaths
Total, all-cause mortality
0 / 50 / 20 / 00 / 10 / 110 / 5
other
Total, other adverse events
5 / 51 / 20 / 00 / 12 / 112 / 5
serious
Total, serious adverse events
0 / 50 / 20 / 00 / 11 / 111 / 5

Outcome results

Primary

Percentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)

An immune response is defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay ≥14 days after full course \[2 doses\] vaccination to non live mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, Participants with a negative or borderline result were considered non-responders, as well as participants with a missing or invalid immune response assessment at 14 days post-vaccination (imputed as non-responders).

Time frame: Cohorts 1 - 3: >=14 days after vaccination: Day 36 (Pfizer) or Day 43 (Moderna); Cohorts 4-6: Day 1

Population: Safety analysis set (excluding 2 participants diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to study entry. Overall number analyzed included participants who received full course of vaccine (2 doses. n =number of participants with a positive result (responders). M = number of participants in the safety analysis set who received full course (2 doses) of a COVID 19 vaccine, including a COVID-19 booster for Cohort 6 participants

ArmMeasureValue (NUMBER)
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)100.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)100.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)0.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)100.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)50.0 Percentage of participants
OverallPercentage of Participants With Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay at 14 Days Post-vaccination by Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)86.4 Percentage of participants
Secondary

Percentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)

Immune conversion was defined as (i) pre-vaccination absence of SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody with any post-vaccination positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay (Cohorts 1-3 only); or (ii) pre vaccination presence of SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody (i.e., pre vaccination value ≥0.80 U/mL) with any post-vaccination ≥4-fold increase in SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody titer (Cohorts 1-3 only); or (iii) initial negative SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibody assay with any post-vaccination positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay (Cohorts 4 and 5 only). There was no baseline for Cohort 6 because there was no blood collection prior to vaccination.

Time frame: Cohorts 1 - 3: >=14 days after vaccination: Day 36 (Pfizer) or Day 43 (Moderna); Cohorts 4-5: Day 1

Population: Safety analysis set

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Immune conversion n=5,2,0,1,1,980.0 Percentage of participants
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac presence and post vac ≥4-fold increase n=5,2,0,0,0,70 Percentage of participants
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac absence and post vac positive n=5,2, 0,0,0,780.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac presence and post vac ≥4-fold increase n=5,2,0,0,0,70.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Immune conversion n=5,2,0,1,1,950.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac absence and post vac positive n=5,2, 0,0,0,750.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Initial negative SARS nucleocapsid with post-vac positive SARS n=0,0,0,1,1,20.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Immune conversion n=5,2,0,1,1,90.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Initial negative SARS nucleocapsid with post-vac positive SARS n=0,0,0,1,1,20.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Immune conversion n=5,2,0,1,1,90.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac presence and post vac ≥4-fold increase n=5,2,0,0,0,70.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Pre-vac absence and post vac positive n=5,2, 0,0,0,771.4 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Immune conversion n=5,2,0,1,1,955.6 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Participants Achieving Immune Conversion by Individual Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)Initial negative SARS nucleocapsid with post-vac positive SARS n=0,0,0,1,1,20.0 Percentage of participants
Secondary

Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)

An immune response is defined as a positive SARS-CoV-2 qualitative IgG antibody assay ≥14 days after full course \[2 doses\] vaccination to non live mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, Participants with a negative or borderline result were considered non-responders, as well as participants with a missing or invalid immune response assessment at 14 days post-vaccination (imputed as non-responders).

Time frame: Vaccination up to 70, 180, 270 and 360 days

Population: Safety analysis set (excluding 2 participants diagnosed with COVID-19 prior to study entry)

ArmMeasureGroupValue (NUMBER)
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2280.0 Percentage of participants
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,2260.0 Percentage of participants
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)70 days post-vaccination n=5,0,0,0,0,0,5100.0 Percentage of participants
C1: VN - Plan to Start OMB157Percentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2260.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C2: VN - on OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,22100.0 Percentage of participants
C4: FV - OMB157 >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2260.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,2210.0 Percentage of participants
C5: FV - INFy or GA >=4 WKsPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2290.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,220.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2225.0 Percentage of participants
C6: FV - on OMB157 >=4 WKs + BoosterPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2250.0 Percentage of participants
OverallPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)180 days post-vaccination, n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2268.2 Percentage of participants
OverallPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)270 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1,10,4,2250.0 Percentage of participants
OverallPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)70 days post-vaccination n=5,0,0,0,0,0,5100.0 Percentage of participants
OverallPercentage of Patients With an Immune Response by SARS-CoV-2 Qualitative IgG Antibody Assay by Time Point, Cohort Group and Overall, Non-response Imputation Approach (Safety Analysis Set)360 days post-vaccination n=5,2,0,1, 10, 4,2218.2 Percentage of participants

Source: ClinicalTrials.gov · Data processed: Feb 4, 2026