Physiological and Psychological Responses to Exercise
Conditions
Brief summary
This randomized cross-over study compares two identical cardiorespiratory exercise bouts, differing only in the inclusion or exclusion of a dynamic period of increasing exercise intensity prior to the exercise bout. Planned comparisons include physiological responses and perceived effort during exercise, leukocyte mobilization, and mood between the two exercise sessions.
Detailed description
Physically active adult men and women are asked to complete three study visits to the laboratory. On Visit 1, participants provide informed consent and are screened for study inclusion criteria: being between 18 and 40 years of age, a non-smoker, not pregnant, free of disease impacting exercise performance or immunity, and performing at least one hour per week of vigorous exercise training (any modality) for at least the prior six months. Participants also complete an incremental submaximal exercise test on a stationary bicycle. The results of this test are used to calculate the resistance corresponding to 80% of estimated maximal heart rate. Participants return within 2-14 days for Visits 2 and 3. These visits consist of 30 min of bicycling at this resistance. One visit included a 10 min dynamic warm-up prior to the exercise bout. Participants were stratified by sex and randomized such that half of the men and women completed the exercise trial with warm-up during Visit 2. Heart rate, perceived exertion, and wattage are recorded during each minute of the exercise bouts. Participants donate blood before, immediately after, and 1h after each exercise. Blood is analyzed by flow cytometry to characterize leukocyte subsets. After each exercise session, participants complete surveys assessing mood and affect. Physiological, immunological, and psychological parameters recorded will be compared within participants between the two experimental exercise sessions using appropriate statistical tests. p\<0.05 will be accepted as significant.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExercise
30 minutes of exercise at 80% of maximum predicted heart rate performed on an indoor stationary bicycle. Exercise was preceded by 10 min of gradually increasing cycling intensity in one of two exercise trials
Sponsors
University of Houston
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Randomized cross-over study with two conditions. Randomization was stratified by sex
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 40 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* identifies as exercising 1-3 hours per week or more than 6 hours per week, on average (last 6 months) * meets American College of Sports Medicine criteria for participation in exercise
Exclusion criteria
* underlying medical problems that contraindicate supervised high intensity exercise * past or present history of autoimmune disease, HIV, hepatitis, stroke, or cardiovascular disease * chronic/debilitating arthritis * central or peripheral nervous disorders * asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis * bedridden in the past three months * history of blood clotting disorders * administration of any medication that might affect physiological response to exercise * functional or cognitive impairment that would limit exercise performance or prohibit informed consent * having any common-cold or influenza like symptoms (scratchy throat, runny nose, inflamed sinuses, frequent sneezing or coughing) in the last 2 weeks * pregnancy * tobacco use
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| CD8 T cell mobilization by exercise | Change from resting levels of CD8 T cells after exercise | Number of peripheral blood CD8 T cells |
| Natural Killer cell mobilization by exercise | Change from resting levels of natural killer cells after exercise | Number of peripheral blood natural killer cells |
| CD4 T cell mobilization by exercise | Change from resting levels of CD4 T cells after exercise | Number of peripheral blood CD4 T cells |
| Heart rate during exercise | Minutes 1-30 of exercise, recordings made each minute | Heart rate in beats per minute |
| Perceived exertion during exercise | Minutes 1-30 of exercise, recordings made each minute | Rating of perceived exertion measured using the Borg 6-20 scale |
| Power during exercise | Minutes 1-30 of exercise, recordings made each minute | Wattage produced on stationary bicycle |
| Monocyte mobilization by exercise | Change from resting levels of monocytes after exercise | Number of peripheral blood monocytes |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Affect after exercise | Measured within 10 minute of end of exercise session | Affect characterized by Positive and Negative Affect Schedule |
| Mood after exercise | Measured within 10 minute of end of exercise session | Mood dimensions characterized by Profile of Mood Survey |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed