Chronic Otitis Media
Conditions
Keywords
Primary tympanoplasty
Brief summary
The objective of this multicentre study is to evaluate the standard of care of participants diagnosed with Chronic Otitis Media that have already gone through a first middle ear surgery but still have at least a moderate hearing loss. The study has a retrospective part (extraction of medical chart data) and a prospective part with a survey and three questionnaires collecting data on the use of health care services, on health related quality of life and hearing performance.
Interventions
OTHERQuestionnaires and survey
Questionnaires: Health Utilities Index Mark III, Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 and Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale-12 Survey: Client Service Receipt Inventory (adapted version)
Sponsors
QbD Clinical
Suministros Hospitalarios Medical Group
Cochlear
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
OTHER
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Adult subjects, 18 years or older. * Subjects with conductive or mixed hearing loss. * Subjects with historically documented diagnosis of Chronic Otitis Media (COM) with or without cholesteatoma in the operated ear. * Subjects who have undergone primary tympanoplasty type I-V to improve hearing between 2010-2016. * Subjects with a Pure Tone Average (PTA)4 air-bone gap ≥30 decibels (dB) OR PTA4 air-bone gap between 25-30 dB with an air conduction threshold PTA4 ≥40 dB HL within 12 months after primary tympanoplasty in the operated ear. * Subjects who have been recommended by their health care professional to try a hearing aid to improve hearing in the operated ear. * Pre-op audiogram, maximum 1 year prior to the primary tympanoplasty, and post-op audiogram for the primary tympanoplasty are available. * Aided audiogram, unaided if no hearing device is used, available between 2018 and the point of enrolment. * Subjects are fluent in the language used for study questionnaires: German, French, Spanish. * Subjects are willing and able to provide written informed consent. For France: subjects do not oppose to participate in the study. * Medical Record data is available throughout the defined data search period, from primary tympanoplasty to point of enrolment.
Exclusion criteria
* Subjects are unable or unwilling to comply with the requirements of the study as determined by the investigator. * Investigator site personnel directly affiliated with this study and/or their immediate families; immediate family is defined as a spouse, parent, child, or sibling. * Cochlear employees or employees of Contract Research Organizations or contractors engaged by Cochlear for the purposes of this study. For France only: * Subjects who are not affiliated to social security. * Subjects who are under legal protection.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years | Contacts are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized. |
| Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years | Medical examinations, surgical procedures and hearing rehabilitation are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized. |
| Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years | Medications are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized. Therapies from medical records are listed. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | At enrolment | HUI provides descriptive evidence on multiple dimensions of health status, a score for each dimension of health and an overall Health Related Quality of life score. The HUI3 classification system is comprised of 8 attributes: Vision, Hearing, Speech, Ambulation, Dexterity, Emotion, Cognition and Pain - each with 5 or 6 levels of ability/disability The scoring systems provide utility (preference) scores on a generic scale where 0.00 indicates death and 1.00 indicates perfect health. |
| Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire. | At enrolment | COMOT-15 measures Health Related Quality of life of participants with COM. It consists of three subscales: ear symptoms, hearing function, and mental health forming the overall score. In addition, two questions related to COM are asked: one on the general evaluation of quality of life and one on the frequency of doctor visits in the last six months. The total score and the sub-scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale by dividing the sum of the raw scores of the items by the sum of spans of the items, then multiplying by 100. A higher score indicates a worse health-related quality of life. |
| Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Up to 12 months prior to primary tympanoplasty | PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) for both air and bone conduction, under unaided and when applicable aided conditions. Data obtained from participant medical records. |
| Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire in German, French and Spanish | At enrollment | Mean score of Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) in German, French and Spanish (0-100 scale). This questionnaire consists of 15 questions that query 3 subscales: ear symptoms, hearing function, and mental health. Additionally, it includes a question about quality of life and specialist doctor visit frequency. The total score is summed, transformed and presented on a 0 - 100 scale where 0 is a good outcome and 100 is the worst possible outcome. |
| Self-reported Auditory Disability Via the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-12) Questionnaire | At enrolment | SSQ-12 measures speech, spatial and hearing experiences. The total(overall) score summarizes these parameters. A scale from 0 to 10 is used. A mark 0 means be quite unable to do or experience what is described and a mark 10 means be perfectly able to do or experience what is described in the question. |
| Health Care Costs | From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment. | Direct medical costs were calculated by applying the reported Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes for Chronic Otitis Media related health care utilization were obtained to the unit cost in each participating country for each participant. Note: No outcome measures are reported as there was insufficient data collection |
| Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | At enrolment | Demographic data, medical history, hearing rehabilitation, health care utilisation related to ear infection and hearing difficulties and employment information data are collected. |
Countries
France, Germany, Spain
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Observational Cohort Adult participants with a history of chronic otitis media who have undergone a primary tympanoplasty to improve hearing between 2010-2016 but still have conductive or mixed hearing loss. | 69 |
| Total | 69 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Observational Cohort | — |
|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 50.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 18.08 | — |
| Cholesteatoma No | 33 participants | — |
| Cholesteatoma Yes | 36 participants | — |
| Cleft Palate No | 69 participants | — |
| Cleft Palate Yes | 0 participants | — |
| Diabetes No | 65 participants | — |
| Diabetes Yes | 4 participants | — |
| Down Syndrome No | 69 participants | — |
| Down Syndrome Yes | 0 participants | — |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 37 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 32 Participants | — |
| Turner Syndrome No | 69 participants | — |
| Turner Syndrome Yes | 0 participants | — |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers
Contacts are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized.
Time frame: From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 1 surgical procedure | 45 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 2 surgical procedures | 14 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 3 surgical procedures | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 4 surgical procedures | 3 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for more than four surgical procedures | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 2 audiograms | 45 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 3 audiograms | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for 4 audiograms | 3 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | Contact for more than four audiograms | 16 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | 1 other healthcare contacts | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | 2 other healthcare contacts | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | 3 other healthcare contacts | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | 4 other healthcare contacts | 7 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Contacts With Health Care Providers | More than 4 other healthcare contacts | 36 Participants |
Primary
Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures
Medical examinations, surgical procedures and hearing rehabilitation are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized.
Time frame: From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | CT scan of the temporal bone and/or sinuses | 12 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | MRI of the temporal bone or the brain | 23 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | another medical examination | 14 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | primary tympanoplasty | 65 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | revision surgeries | 25 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Interventions and/or Procedures | planned staged or second look surgeries | 18 Participants |
Primary
Number and Type of Medications and Therapies
Medications are obtained from medical records, counted and categorized. Therapies from medical records are listed.
Time frame: From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment, up to 13 years
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Antiinfective | 20 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Analgesics and anesthetics | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Anilides | 14 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Antivertigo preparations | 3 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Benzodiazepine derivatives | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Combinations of penicillins, incl. beta-lactamase inhibitors | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Corticosteroids | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Corticosteroids and antiinfectives in combination | 12 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Fluoroquinolones | 3 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Glucocorticoids | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Macrolides | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Other otologicals | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Other cicatrizants | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Other opioids | 6 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Penicillins with extended spectrum | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Number and Type of Medications and Therapies | Pyrazolones | 2 Participants |
Secondary
Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire in German, French and Spanish
Mean score of Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) in German, French and Spanish (0-100 scale). This questionnaire consists of 15 questions that query 3 subscales: ear symptoms, hearing function, and mental health. Additionally, it includes a question about quality of life and specialist doctor visit frequency. The total score is summed, transformed and presented on a 0 - 100 scale where 0 is a good outcome and 100 is the worst possible outcome.
Time frame: At enrollment
Population: Participants only completed the questionnaire in one language and one participant in the study did not complete the questionnaire.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire in German, French and Spanish | German | 36.8 score on a scale (0-100) | Standard Deviation 14.76 |
| Observational Cohort | Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire in German, French and Spanish | French | 46.3 score on a scale (0-100) | Standard Deviation 22.73 |
| Observational Cohort | Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test -15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire in German, French and Spanish | Spanish | 45 score on a scale (0-100) | Standard Deviation 17.12 |
Secondary
Health Care Costs
Direct medical costs were calculated by applying the reported Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) codes for Chronic Otitis Media related health care utilization were obtained to the unit cost in each participating country for each participant. Note: No outcome measures are reported as there was insufficient data collection
Time frame: From primary tympanoplasty to time of enrolment.
Population: A small number of DRG codes from only a single clinic were reported in this study. A cost could not be directly linked to these codes as the hospitals negotiate the tariffs with the health insurers and these tariffs are not made public. Hence, despite having collected a small number of codes, the health care costs could not be calculated, and results are not available for this outcome measure.
Secondary
Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram
PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) for both air and bone conduction, under unaided and when applicable aided conditions. Data obtained from participant medical records.
Time frame: Up to 6 years prior to study enrollment
Population: Bone conduction studies were not carried out for all participants
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Air conduction | 56.7 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 21.16 |
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Bone conduction | 25.2 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 13.89 |
Secondary
Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram
PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) for both air and bone conduction, under unaided and when applicable aided conditions. Data obtained from participant medical records.
Time frame: Within 12 months after primary tympanoplasty
Population: Bone conduction studies were not carried out for all participants
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Air Conduction | 58.7 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 14.9 |
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Bone conduction | 25.3 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 14.85 |
Secondary
Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram
PTA4 (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) for both air and bone conduction, under unaided and when applicable aided conditions. Data obtained from participant medical records.
Time frame: Up to 12 months prior to primary tympanoplasty
Population: Bone conduction studies were not carried out for all participants
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Air Conduction | 53.2 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 19.64 |
| Observational Cohort | Hearing Performance Assessed Via an Audiogram | Bone Conduction | 23.8 db HL (decibel hearing loss) | Standard Deviation 14.76 |
Secondary
Self-reported Auditory Disability Via the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-12) Questionnaire
SSQ-12 measures speech, spatial and hearing experiences. The total(overall) score summarizes these parameters. A scale from 0 to 10 is used. A mark 0 means be quite unable to do or experience what is described and a mark 10 means be perfectly able to do or experience what is described in the question.
Time frame: At enrolment
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Auditory Disability Via the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ-12) Questionnaire | 5.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.18 |
Secondary
Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire.
COMOT-15 measures Health Related Quality of life of participants with COM. It consists of three subscales: ear symptoms, hearing function, and mental health forming the overall score. In addition, two questions related to COM are asked: one on the general evaluation of quality of life and one on the frequency of doctor visits in the last six months. The total score and the sub-scores are transformed to a 0-100 scale by dividing the sum of the raw scores of the items by the sum of spans of the items, then multiplying by 100. A higher score indicates a worse health-related quality of life.
Time frame: At enrolment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire. | Overall | 43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 18.25 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire. | Ear symptoms | 29.4 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 20.28 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire. | Hearing function | 65 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 22.84 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Related Quality of Life of Participants With COM Via the Chronic Otitis Media Outcome Test-15 (COMOT-15) Questionnaire. | Mental Health | 46.5 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 27.31 |
Secondary
Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire.
HUI provides descriptive evidence on multiple dimensions of health status, a score for each dimension of health and an overall Health Related Quality of life score. The HUI3 classification system is comprised of 8 attributes: Vision, Hearing, Speech, Ambulation, Dexterity, Emotion, Cognition and Pain - each with 5 or 6 levels of ability/disability The scoring systems provide utility (preference) scores on a generic scale where 0.00 indicates death and 1.00 indicates perfect health.
Time frame: At enrolment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Overall | 0.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.28 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Vision | 0.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.17 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Hearing | 0.8 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Speech | 0.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.15 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Dexterity | 1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.11 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Emotion | 0.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.16 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Cognition | 0.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.14 |
| Observational Cohort | Self-reported Health Status and Health Related Quality of Life Via the Health Utilities Index Mark III (HUI3) Questionnaire. | Pain | 0.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.19 |
Secondary
Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey
Demographic data, medical history, hearing rehabilitation, health care utilisation related to ear infection and hearing difficulties and employment information data are collected.
Time frame: At enrolment
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | married/living as married | 41 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | single | 14 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | widowed | 7 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | divorced/separated | 6 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | living with spouse/partner and children | 24 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | living with spouse/partner without children | 19 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | living alone | 13 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | living with their parents | 6 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | lived in other conditions | 6 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | place of residence was an owner occupied flat/house | 44 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | place of residence was a privately rented flat/house | 15 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | place of residence was a flat/house rented from a local authority or housing association | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | other places of residence | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | highest level of education was university or higher | 20 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | highest level of education was high school | 19 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | highest level of education was vocational training | 17 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | highest level of education was primary school | 12 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | high blood pressure | 12 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | autoimmune disease | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | cancer | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | heart disease | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | diabetes | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | chronic lung disease | 4 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | chronic kidney disease | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | mood disorders | 8 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | substance dependency | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | other chronic disease | 13 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | never smoked | 39 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | current smokers | 16 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | previous smokers | 13 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | full-time employment | 31 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | retired | 20 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | part-time employment | 5 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | retired (because of ill health), unemployed, student or housewife/husband | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | self-employed | 1 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | currently use a hearing aid or hearing device | 31 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | bone conduction implant | 7 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | visited a general practitioner | 21 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | attended a day hospital or accident and emergency | 2 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | visited an ENT | 31 Participants |
| Observational Cohort | Socio-economic Status and Health Care Data Via the Client Service Receipt Inventory (CSRI) Survey | Visited audiologist | 14 Participants |