Dental Care, Dental Plaque, Dental Prophylaxis
Conditions
Keywords
Customized Handle Toothbrush, Dental Primary Prevention, Down Syndrome
Brief summary
People with special needs suffer from many difficulties, including mental, physical or motor, which increase the difficulty of obtaining good oral health. Therefore, some adjustments must be made to help these patients maintain oral health. The aim of the current research is to modify the traditional toothbrush grip by manufacturing a Customized Handle of every young child or people with special needs to improve oral health for those patients by relying on themselves with an effectively way.
Detailed description
Participants will be examined to ensure that the participants have met the sample entry criteria, then the participants will be randomly assigned to four groups each one according to a group: 1. A group of healthy children using conventional toothbrush (12 children). 2. A group of healthy children using toothbrush with Customized Handle (12 children). 3. A group of children with Down syndrome using conventional toothbrush (12 children). 4. A group of children with Down syndrome using toothbrush with Customized Handle (12 children). Secondly, 1. Researcher will take an impression of the child hand grasp silicon impression material. 2. Researcher will scan the impression with a model scanner and copy it to the computer, then convert it -through a specialized program- to a 3D analog. 3. The program will print the digital analog via the 3D printer using Poly Lactic Acid compound and convert it into a model similar to the patient hand grasp, this model has a place to put the toothbrush. Third, Brushing instructions: 1. The researcher will teach the participants how to brush by using (tell-show -do) technique. 2. The brushing method that will be used is the modified Stillman technique. 3. Brushing duration must be at least 3 minutes. 4. The brushing must be twice a day. 5. The amount of toothpaste is pea size. Finally, Mechanism of examination and follow up: After apply the plaque disclosing solution on the teeth with a bond brush, the plaque will be evaluated with Turesky Modification Quigley-Hein Plaque Index, checking on the buccal and lingual surfaces of all the teeth existing in the participant's mouth. The participants will be observed in the same day, before and after brushing, and after one week and three weeks
Interventions
OTHEREvaluation of the Effectiveness of Conventional Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Healthy Children
Healthy children will be given conventional toothbrush.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces
OTHEREvaluation of the Effectiveness of Customized Handle Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Healthy Children
Healthy children will be given toothbrush with Customized Handle.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces
OTHEREvaluation of the Effectiveness of Conventional Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Children with Down Syndrome
Children with Down syndrome will be given conventional toothbrush.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 week by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces
OTHEREvaluation of the Effectiveness of Customized Handle Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Children with Down Syndrome
Children with Down syndrome will be given toothbrush with Customized Handle.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces
Sponsors
Damascus University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
DOUBLE (Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
6 Years to 9 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Ages between 6-9 years old. * Participant must have at least 10 teeth free from dental caries on both buccal and lingual surfaces of the teeth. * TMQHPI is at least 2. * Cooperative participant (Positive according to Frankel's behavioral rating scale). * Parents' consent. * Participant with down syndrome must have been diagnosed by specialist.
Exclusion criteria
* Children undergoing orthodontic treatment. * Allergic to any of the toothpaste ingredient used the study. * Participant used any toothbrush other than the conventional brush before. * Healthy children Participant with systemic diseases * Excluding children with Down syndrome who suffer from chronic weakness such as epilepsy or taking medications continuously.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline | Baseline: Pre-brushing | Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined. |
| Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing | Post-brushing | Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week | 1 week | Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined. |
Countries
Syria
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Conventional Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Healthy Children: Healthy children will be given conventional toothbrush.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces | 12 |
| Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Customized Handle Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Healthy Children: Healthy children will be given toothbrush with Customized Handle.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces | 12 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Conventional Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Children with Down Syndrome: Children with Down syndrome will be given conventional toothbrush.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 week by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces | 12 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Customized Handle Toothbrush in Dental Plaque Control in Children with Down Syndrome: Children with Down syndrome will be given toothbrush with Customized Handle.Plaque scores in groups will be assess pre-brushing and post-brushing in baseline, a week, and after 3 weeks by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces | 12 |
| Total | 48 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush | Total | Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush | Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 | 7.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 | 7.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.1 | 7.7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.9 | 7 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 0.7 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 12 Participants | 48 Participants | 12 Participants | 12 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 6 Participants | 26 Participants | 7 Participants | 6 Participants | 7 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants | 22 Participants | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 5 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing
Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined.
Time frame: Post-brushing
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing | 1.7 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.68 |
| Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing | .96 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing | 2.69 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.45 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Brushing | .97 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.35 |
Primary
Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline
Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined.
Time frame: Baseline: Pre-brushing
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline | 3.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline | 3.19 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.5 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline | 3.63 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.29 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups at the Baseline | 3.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
Secondary
Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week
Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined.
Time frame: 1 week
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week | 1.41 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.39 |
| Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week | .38 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.54 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After a Week | .52 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.21 |
Post Hoc
Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Three Weeks
Plaque scores will be assessed with Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). Plaque will be detected using plaque disclosing agent. In this index the plaque is evaluated and revealed on the buccal and lingual non-restored surfaces of the teeth on a scale of 0 to 5. Where 0 means no plaque presence which is considered as a perfect state, 1 separated flecks of plaque at the cervical margin, 2 a thin continuous back of plaque (up to 1 mm) at the cervical margin, 3 a band of plaque wider than 1 mm but covering less than one-third of the side of the crown of the tooth, 4 plaque covering at least one-third but less than two-thirds of the side of crown of the tooth and finally 5 is considered as the worst state by plaque covering two-thirds or more of the side of the crown of the tooth. All teeth are assessed. The final outcome is determined by an index of the entire mouth by dividing the total score by the number of surfaces examined.
Time frame: 3 weeks
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Children Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Three Weeks | .14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.27 |
| Healthy Children Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Three Weeks | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.47 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Conventional Toothbrush | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Three Weeks | 1.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Children With Down Syndrome Using Toothbrush With Customized Handle | Clinical Plaque Evaluation of Healthy Children and Down Syndrome of Both Groups After Three Weeks | .26 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.1 |