Cognitive Impairment, Mild
Conditions
Keywords
Memory, Executive Functions, Cognitive training, Cognitive enrichment, Modern board and card games
Brief summary
Nowadays, on geriatric centres, cognitive decline used to be prevented by pen and paper exercises (Calero García & Navarro Gonzalez, 2006). However, as Lampit et al. (2014) suggest, studies based on the efficacy and effectiveness of new cognitive-based interventions in order to improve these cognitive processes are fundamental (Lampit et al., 2014). Cognitive-based interventions are interventions that directly or indirectly try to improve cognitive processes (Chiu et al., 2017). Between the different kinds of cognitive-based interventions, cognitive training permits stablish randomized controlled trials. Cognitive training consists of repeating during a concrete time a standardized set of tasks in order to maintain or improve one or some cognitive processes. Meta-analysis studies have shown that computerized cognitive training can improve in a moderate size some cognitive processes in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment or dementia (Hill et al., 2017) and without those diagnoses (Lampit, Hallock, & Valenzuela, 2014; Chiu et al., 2017). Although it seems that computerized training is effective, safe and secure, it is important to note the social component of the definition of health (OMS, 1948). Chang, Wray & Lin (2014) found that social relationships predict the use of leisure activities and this predict a better physical health and wellbeing psychological. In fact, a comparative study found that those elderly people that have played board games have a 15% lower risk of having dementia diagnose and problems related with memory (Dartigues et al., 2013). To sum up, the aim of this research project is to test the effectiveness of a cognitive training based on modern board and card games in elderly people with a diagnose of mild-cognitive impairment in comparison to do cognitive paper and pencil tasks or in a wait-list comparison group.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALModern board and card games group
Modern board and card games group
BEHAVIORALPaper and pencil tasks group
Paper and pencil tasks group
Sponsors
University Hospital of Santa Maria, Lleida
Brain In Game scientific-technical service
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
60 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Participation in cognitive disease center * Amnestic MCI diagnoses (clinical diagnoses following the guidelines of Petersen et al. 2011) * Global deterioration scale (GDS) 2-3 values * Participation assessing outcomes of the caregivers in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Participation in another cognitive training program * Dementia, neurologic or other disease non-neurodegenerative, which could affect cognitive change over time (medical-reported) * Severe visual impairment, language impairment or motoric impairment of the upper extremity which significantly affects ability to solve jigsaw puzzles (medical-reported)
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in phonemic and semantic fluency from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Animals category and P, M, R letters, Spanish version |
| Change in verbal working memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Digit Memory Test Backward |
| Change in visuospatial short-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Visual Memory Test Forward |
| Change in visuospatial working memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Visual Memory Test Backward |
| Change in visuospatial processing from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Trail Making Test A and Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) |
| Change in flexibility from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Trail Making Test B and 5 digits test |
| Change in inhibition from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | 5 digits test |
| Change in cognitive impairment from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination |
| Change in visuoconstruction, immediate memory and long-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Copy, draw after 3 and after 25 minuts of Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test |
| Change in verbal long-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) |
| Change in verbal short-term memory from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Digit Memory Test Forward |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in neuropsychiatric symptoms from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Self-reported and caregivers spanish versions. Higher scores mean higher neuropsychiatric symptomatology. |
| Change in psychological well-being from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Euro Quality of Life Scale (EQ-5D), Self-reported and caregivers spanish versions. Higher scores mean higher quality of life. Visual analogue scale: minimum value=0, maximum value=100. |
| Change in depressive symptoms from baseline to post intervention | Baseline and post intervention (after 16 weeks) | Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Spanish version. Higher scores mean higher depressive symptomatology. Minimum value = 0, maximum value = 15. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cognitive reserve questionnaire | Baseline | Cognitive reserve questionnaire (CRC), spanish version |
| Premorbid cognitive function | Baseline | The Word Accentuation Test (TAP), spanish version |
| Social Status Index and sociodemographical information | Baseline | Hollingshead Index, age, sex, birth location |
Countries
Spain
Outcome results
None listed