Breast Cancer, Breast Neoplasm Female
Conditions
Keywords
Breast conserving surgery, Fluorescence Imaging, Intraoperative margin assessment
Brief summary
Breast conserving surgery (BCS) is performed on patients with breast cancer to resect and completely remove the cancer while conserving as much of the surrounding healthy tissue as possible. Current methods do not allow surgeons to determine the completeness of surgical resection in real-time. This often results in the need for a second surgical procedure, or in some cases more than two surgical procedures in order to have confidence that all cancer has been removed. This Phase 3 study will evaluate the safety and efficacy of the fluorescent imaging agent PD G 506 A for the real-time visualization of cancer during standard of care breast conserving surgery. PD G 506 A is an investigational drug which is converted in the body into a fluorescent molecule that accumulates in cancer cells. Patients receiving PD G 506 A will undergo standard of care breast conserving surgery followed by fluorescence imaging and removal of any potentially cancerous tissue left behind in the surgical cavity.
Detailed description
Re-operations due to positive margins following breast conserving surgery (BCS) increase poor cosmesis, complications, discomfort, stress, adjuvant delay, medical costs and risk of local recurrence. Reducing positive margin rates can be achieved through optimizing surgical procedures. This study evaluates a new method for surgeons to visualize carcinoma in real-time, both in the surgical cavity and on the margins of excised specimen(s) during the index BCS procedure. The active ingredient of PD G 506A is aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride (ALA HCl). ALA HCl is a prodrug that is metabolized intracellularly to form the fluorescent molecule protoporphyrin IX (PpIX). The exogenous application of ALA HCl leads to a highly selective accumulation of PpIX in malignant tissues. This Phase 3, 2-part, single-blind \[pathologist(s)-blinded\] randomized placebo-controlled trial study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PD G 506 A to aid in the visualization of carcinoma during BCS. The Eagle V1.2 Imaging System will be used in this trial to visualize PpIX fluorescence. Part A is an open-label training phase of the study to optimize workflow and Part B of the study is randomized and single-blind and will serve as the pivotal portion of the study.
Interventions
PD G 506 A for oral solution (aminolevulinic acid \[ALA\] hydrochloride \[HCl\] granules for oral solution) is administered as a single dose (20 mg/kg body weight) approximately 3 hours (min 2 hours, max 4 hours) prior to anesthesia.
DEVICEEagle V1.2 Imaging System
Fluorescence imaging camera and associated accessories used to view and capture fluorescence and white light images and videos of the surgical cavity and excised tissue specimens during the surgical procedure.
DRUGPlacebo
Oral placebo is administered as a single dose approximately 3 hours (min 2 hours, max 4 hours) prior to anesthesia.
Sponsors
SBI ALApharma Canada, Inc.
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
In Part B, the participant and pathologist will be blind to treatment arm allocation for the duration of the study. The surgeon will be blind to treatment arm allocation up until the time that standard of care resection is complete. The blind will be broken during the surgical procedure after the surgeon declares standard of care resection complete.
Intervention model description
Part A of the study is open-label. All patients in Part A will receive the investigational drug and will undergo standard of care breast conserving surgery (BCS) followed by fluorescence-guided resection. Part B of the study is randomized and placebo controlled; patients will be randomized to receive placebo + standard of care BCS alone or PD G 506 A + SoC BCS followed by fluorescence-guided resection.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
1. Female, 18 years or older 2. Histologically or cytologically confirmed primary breast cancer (includes invasive lobular carcinoma, invasive ductal carcinoma, inflammatory breast cancer, papillary breast cancer, adenoid cystic carcinoma of the breast, mucinous breast cancer, metaplastic breast cancer, cribriform carcinoma and ductal carcinoma in situ, alone or in combination with invasive disease) 3. Scheduled for a lumpectomy (including bilateral lumpectomy) of a breast malignancy (eligibility for breast conserving surgery/partial mastectomy based on clinical staging using TNM staging system (AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: Breast Cancer, 8th Edition70). 4. Patient must have normal organ and bone marrow function and be appropriate surgical candidate per site standard of care 5. Women of child-bearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception (hormonal or barrier method of birth control, abstinence) starting the day entering the study, and for the duration of the study period (until the Week 2 visit)
Exclusion criteria
1. Currently on (neo)adjuvant therapy to treat another cancer 2. Receiving or intended to receive neoadjuvant therapy to treat the primary breast cancer (including chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and radiotherapy) 3. Stage 4 cancer, inclusive of metastatic disease 4. Non-invasive diseases of the breast (includes lobular carcinoma in situ, phyllodes and Paget's disease of the breast) 5. Patients who have had the following procedures performed on the involved breast: 1. Surgery for a benign lesion(s) within 1 year of the BCS date 2. Breast implants inserted within 1 year of the BCS date 3. Breast reduction, surgery for malignant disease or mastectomy (at any time prior to the BCS date) 4. Surgery for a benign lesion(s) or insertion of implants \>1 year prior to the BCS date and who have signs of ongoing inflammation, active tissue healing and/or extensive scarring 5. Radiation at any time prior to the BCS date and who have signs of ongoing inflammation, active tissue healing and/or extensive scarring 6. Patients for whom intraoperative frozen section analysis is planned 7. Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due an investigational pharmaceutical or diagnostic agents administered more than 30 days prior to their scheduled surgical procedure 8. History of hypersensitivity to ALA HCl or porphyrins 9. Known or documented personal or family history of porphyria 10. Patient has a recording of any parameter as defined below: 1. Bilirubin: Above upper limit of normal 2. Aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT): \> 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal 3. Alanine aminotransferase ( (SGPT): \> 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal 11. Patient has serum creatinine \>1.5 times institutional upper limit of normal, OR calculated creatinine clearance \> 60 mL/min/1.73 m² for patients with creatinine levels above institutional normal. 12. Uncontrolled concurrent illness, that in the opinion of the Investigator would prevent the patient from participation in the study, including but not limited to: 1. Ongoing or active infection; 2. Cardiovascular disease (e.g. symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia). 13. Patients who have the following collagen vascular diseases: 1. Lupus 2. Scleroderma 14. Use of an investigational drug within 30 days of their scheduled surgical procedure 15. Simultaneous use of other potentially phototoxic substances (such as St. John's wort, griseofulvin, thiazide diuretics, sulfonylureas, phenothiazines, sulphonamides, quinolones and tetracyclines), and topical preparations containing ALA for 24 hours during the perioperative period. 16. Social or medical situations including uncontrolled psychiatric illnesses that would in the opinion of the Investigator limit compliance with study requirements (e.g. ability to travel for follow-up) 17. Patients who are pregnant or become pregnant (it is unknown if ALA HCl is teratogenic or has abortifacient effects) 18. Patients who are breast feeding (there is an unknown but potential risk for adverse events in nursing infants secondary to treatment of the mother with ALA HCl, breastfeeding should be discontinued if the mother is treated with ALA HCl) 19. Inability to consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Positive Margin Conversion Rate | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients with negative-margins following fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) among patients all patients imaged |
| Diagnostic Performance (Specificity) | 2 weeks | Patient-level specificity to identify residual carcinoma |
| Diagnostic Performance (Sensitivity) | 2 weeks | Patient-level sensitivity to identify residual carcinoma |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Residual Cancer at the End of FGR With Modified Patient-level Definitions | 2 weeks | Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer in the surgical cavity at the end of FGR (using modified patient-level definitions). |
| Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Cancer After SoC BCS | 2 weeks | Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity after SoC BCS. |
| Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Cancer After SoC With Modified Patient-level Definitions | 2 weeks | Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity after SoC (using modified patient-level definitions). |
| Patient-level False Negative Rate of at the End of FGR | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients assessed as residual tumor negative at the end of FGR who had positive final margins on histopathology. |
| Patient-level False Positive Rate | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients in whom SOC final margins were carcinoma negative and all FL-driven shave specimens are carcinoma-negative. |
| Patients With Carcinoma-negative Margins After SoC Found to Have Residual Tumor Following SoC That Was Identified With FL Imaging | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients with histopathology-negative margins at the end of SoC who have at least one orientation that was both FL-positive and histopathology-positive among (1) patients with histopathology negative final margins after SOC and (2) all patients imaged. |
| Orientation-level Diagnostic Performance | 2 weeks | Orientation-level diagnostic performance of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity as compared to margin histopathology. |
| Patient-level Diagnostic Performance to Identify in Vivo Residual Carcinoma After FGR | 2 weeks | Patient-level in vivo diagnostic performance of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer in the surgical cavity at the end of FGR as compared to the final margin histopathology. |
| Orientation Discordant Fluorescence Status | 2 weeks | Percentage of orientations where in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence assessments are discordant. |
| Patient-level Re-operation Rate | 1 year | Percentage of patients receiving a 2nd surgery on the ipsilateral breast within 1 year of index BCS to remove suspected residual disease. |
| Patient-level Early Re-operation Rate | 3 - 6 months | Percentage of patients receiving an early 2nd surgery (planned or actual) on the ipsilateral breast related to positive final margins. |
| Amount of Tissue Removed With FGR Beyond SoC | 3 - 6 months | Weight (mg) of all tissue removed based on SoC and/of FGR. |
| Patient Satisfaction With Breast | 2 weeks, 3-, 6- and 12-months | Patient satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome of breast conserving surgery performed based on SoC in combination with PD G 506 A and the Eagle V1.2 Imaging System. |
| Patient-level True Negative Rate at the End of SoC | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients with no fluorescence identified at the end of SoC in whom all final margins after SoC are histopathologically confirmed to be negative for carcinoma. |
| Positive Margin Conversion Rate Among All Patients | 2 weeks | Percentage of patients with at least one histopathology-positive margin following SoC who then have ALL histopathology-negative margins following FGR, among all patients imaged. |
| Patient-level Diagnostic Performance | 2 weeks | Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited between 04/27/2021 and 08/30//2025. Patients were recruited by their surgeon at surgical clinic visits. Participants were recruited at each of the 7 study sites.
Pre-assignment details
Fifty-seven (57) patients were enrolled for baseline characteristics as indicated in eligibility criteria prior to assignment in Part A of the study. Four (4) enrolled patients were excluded after enrollment due not meeting eligibility requirements. Three (3) patients who were enrolled were not completed due to a physician decision (1 patient) or a study pause (2 patients). The Part B (randomized and placebo controlled) was never initiated. The trial was terminated beforehand.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| PD G 506 A + Fluorescence-Guided Resection (Part A) Patients in this arm received PD G 506 A orally approximately 3 hrs prior to anesthesia followed by standard of care BCS. Fluorescence imaging was be performed on tissue specimens resected prior to completion of standard of care resection. Fluorescence image-guided resection was performed after SoC BCS was complete. | 57 |
| Total | 57 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 1 |
| Overall Study | Screening failure | 4 |
| Overall Study | Study pause | 2 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | PD G 506 A + Fluorescence-Guided Resection (Part A) |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 22 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 35 Participants |
| Diagnosis In situ carcinoma | 13 Participants |
| Diagnosis Invasive carcinoma (± in situ carcinoma) | 39 Participants |
| Diagnosis Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Diagnosis Other (± in situ carcinoma) | 4 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 13 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 43 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 9 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 39 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 57 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 57 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 50 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 16 / 50 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 1 / 50 |
Outcome results
Primary
Diagnostic Performance (Sensitivity)
Patient-level sensitivity to identify residual carcinoma
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Primary
Diagnostic Performance (Specificity)
Patient-level specificity to identify residual carcinoma
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Primary
Positive Margin Conversion Rate
Percentage of patients with negative-margins following fluorescence-guided resection (FGR) among patients all patients imaged
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Amount of Tissue Removed With FGR Beyond SoC
Weight (mg) of all tissue removed based on SoC and/of FGR.
Time frame: 3 - 6 months
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Orientation Discordant Fluorescence Status
Percentage of orientations where in vivo and ex vivo fluorescence assessments are discordant.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Orientation-level Diagnostic Performance
Orientation-level diagnostic performance of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity as compared to margin histopathology.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Diagnostic Performance
Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Cancer After SoC BCS
Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity after SoC BCS.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Cancer After SoC With Modified Patient-level Definitions
Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of cancer in the surgical cavity after SoC (using modified patient-level definitions).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Diagnostic Performance of PD G 506 A to Detect Residual Cancer at the End of FGR With Modified Patient-level Definitions
Patient-level sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer in the surgical cavity at the end of FGR (using modified patient-level definitions).
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Diagnostic Performance to Identify in Vivo Residual Carcinoma After FGR
Patient-level in vivo diagnostic performance of PD G 506 A-induced fluorescence to determine the presence or absence of residual cancer in the surgical cavity at the end of FGR as compared to the final margin histopathology.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Early Re-operation Rate
Percentage of patients receiving an early 2nd surgery (planned or actual) on the ipsilateral breast related to positive final margins.
Time frame: 3 - 6 months
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level False Negative Rate of at the End of FGR
Percentage of patients assessed as residual tumor negative at the end of FGR who had positive final margins on histopathology.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level False Positive Rate
Percentage of patients in whom SOC final margins were carcinoma negative and all FL-driven shave specimens are carcinoma-negative.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level Re-operation Rate
Percentage of patients receiving a 2nd surgery on the ipsilateral breast within 1 year of index BCS to remove suspected residual disease.
Time frame: 1 year
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient-level True Negative Rate at the End of SoC
Percentage of patients with no fluorescence identified at the end of SoC in whom all final margins after SoC are histopathologically confirmed to be negative for carcinoma.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patient Satisfaction With Breast
Patient satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome of breast conserving surgery performed based on SoC in combination with PD G 506 A and the Eagle V1.2 Imaging System.
Time frame: 2 weeks, 3-, 6- and 12-months
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Patients With Carcinoma-negative Margins After SoC Found to Have Residual Tumor Following SoC That Was Identified With FL Imaging
Percentage of patients with histopathology-negative margins at the end of SoC who have at least one orientation that was both FL-positive and histopathology-positive among (1) patients with histopathology negative final margins after SOC and (2) all patients imaged.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.
Secondary
Positive Margin Conversion Rate Among All Patients
Percentage of patients with at least one histopathology-positive margin following SoC who then have ALL histopathology-negative margins following FGR, among all patients imaged.
Time frame: 2 weeks
Population: The study was terminated early after the completion of Part A, before data collection for the analysis of the endpoints in Part B had begun, as per the protocol. The only objectives of Part A were to conduct training for the participating trial sites and to optimize the study workflow for Part B, so this endpoint will not be analysed.