Labor Pain
Conditions
Keywords
programmed intermittent epidural bolus, epidural analgesia, labor epidural
Brief summary
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Bolus (PIEB) has become a standard technique for labour analgesia in many departments of anesthesia. Advantages to the former standard of care, continued epidural infusion (CEI), include reduced analgesic consumption , better maternal satisfaction and less occurrence of motor block . At Mount Sinai Hospital, the introduction of a bundle of changes in the management of labor analgesia including the use of PIEB, has resulted in an improvement of the quality of labor analgesia. This bundle of changes included labor catheter placement more often at L2/L3 interspace, more frequent use of fentanyl in the epidural loading dose, the implementation of a PIEB regimen and an increase in hourly baseline offer of local anesthetic. A recent before-and-after study conducted by the investigators, comparing the current practice with the previous practice, which was based on CEI, identified that the incidence of women experiencing pain \>3 (scale 0-10) (40% vs 30%) and the number of nurse-administered top-ups (24% vs 3%) were significantly reduced. However, despite that significant improvement, some 30% of women undergoing epidural analgesia still experience pain NRS \>3 (NRS scale 0-10) during either first or second stage of labor. Although the health care team attempts to manage epidurals as standardized as possible, there is some variation in practice resulting from the many stakeholders involved in the labor analgesia management, including anesthesiologists, obstetricians, nurses and patients. The investigators hypothesized that our most recent results may be explained by the lack of standardization of the management of epidural analgesia and that a standardized epidural catheter placement and a management algorithm may improve the efficacy of our epidural analgesia regimen. The aim of this pilot study is to test the feasibility and efficacy of the use of a standardized algorithm for the management of labor epidural analgesia based on a PIEB regimen.
Interventions
OTHERAlgorithm
Patients will have a printed algorithm to follow while they are in labour with an epidural for pain management.
Sponsors
Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
18 Years to 55 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* request for epidural analgesia during labor * ASA Physical Status II and III
Exclusion criteria
* patients requiring change in anesthetic management due to comorbidities or complications before initiation of epidural analgesia maintenance will be excluded. * refusal to give written informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain score, questionnaire | 24 hours | Pain score using verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) (0-10, where 0=no pain and 10=worst pain ever). This will be assessed hourly following epidural placement, as per institutional guidelines, until the patient delivers. The primary outcome of the study will be the presence of pain (NRS ≥ 3) at any time during the first and second stage of labor, after the establishment of an effective loading dose (pain NRS ≤ 1/10). |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Motor block score using Bromage score | 24 hours | Motor block will be assessed with the Bromage score: 0 = able to raise the extended leg; 1 = unable to raise the extended leg but able to flex knees; 2 = unable to flex knees, but able to flex ankle; 3 = unable to flex ankle. This will be assessed hourly following epidural placement, as per institutional guidelines, until the patient delivers. |
| Blood pressure | 24 hours | Blood pressure measured hourly following epidural placement, as per institutional guidelines, until the patient delivers. |
| Upper sensory block level | 24 hours | The upper sensory block level to ice is defined as the dermatome at which there is an altered cold perception without complete sensitivity loss. This will be assessed hourly following epidural placement, as per institutional guidelines, until the patient delivers. |
| Number of patient controlled epidural analgesia button presses | 24 hours | Need for supplementary analgesia: the number of patient controlled epidural analgesia button presses will be recorded. |
| Number of top ups administered by nurses or physicians | 24 hours | Need for supplementary analgesia: the number of top ups administered by nurses or physicians will be recorded. |
| Heart rate | 24 hours | Heart rate measured hourly following epidural placement, as per institutional guidelines, until the patient delivers. |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed