Female Genital Mutilation
Conditions
Brief summary
Female genital mutilation /cutting (FGMC) includes all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or another injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons. It constitutes an extreme form of discrimination against women due to the health consequences, pain, and risks involved. Regardless of its prevalence, the physical and psychological complications of FGM in Egypt were shown to be enormous. These complications are usually categorized into primary or acute complications and secondary or long-term complications. The primary complications include pain, bleeding, and psychiatric trauma while the secondary complications include several emotional, menstrual, and sexual disorders
Detailed description
Despite being internationally recognized as a human rights violation of girls and women, FGM has been performed on at least 200 million girls and women in 31 countries. According to the 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey (EHIS), 87% of all women aged 15-49 years in Egypt had undergone FGM. Social norms, religion, ensuring premarital virginity and marital fidelity, increasing marriageability, and cultural ideals of femininity and modesty were among the most commonly cited reasons for performing FGM. A survey conducted among Egyptians aged 10-29 years in 2014 indicated that the reasons given for practicing FGM were customs and traditions (56.7%) and religion (35%). FGM has many types ranging from excision of the prepuce with/out clitoris (Type I or Clitoridectomy) and excision of the clitoris and labia minora (Type II or Excision) to profound excision of the external genitalia with stitching and tightening the vaginal opening (Type III or Infibulation). Type IV describes pricking, piercing, scraping, and cauterization of the external genitalia without flesh removal. In societies with Muslim majorities, type I: is known as Sunna Circumcision; a religious term linking the practice to the commands of the Prophet of Islam or Khifad the Arabic synonym of reduction; a term claiming that the Prophet of Islam endorsed partial rather than complete excision of the external genitalia. In Egypt, types I and II are also called Ta-hara; the Arabic synonym of purification which points to the hygienic drive of the practice.
Interventions
OTHERQuestionnaire
Assessment of causes of FGM Beni Suef localities. 3. Explore the relationship between some of the social and demographic variables such as age, education, place of residence, marital status, religion and economic level and practice of FGM.
Sponsors
Beni-Suef University
Study design
Observational model
CASE_ONLY
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Living in Beni Suef Governorate.
Exclusion criteria
* Women and men who complaining of any psychological problems
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of the impact of FGM | During 13 months | The investigators will evaluate the consequences of female genital mutilation on participants of the study. |
| To estimate intention to practice FGM | During 13 months | The participants will be given questions concerning intention to practice FGM in future. This section included questions regarding females' plans of mutilating their daughters in future, whether they were facing social pressure from family members or neighbors, whether they knew someone who intended to mutilate their daughters. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| To collect information about history of circumcision for the woman and her daughter. | During 13 months | A questionnaire rituals of FGM and the decision-maker. |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Primary ContactNesreen A.A. Shehata, MD
Backup ContactMomen Z. Elnadeim, MD
Outcome results
None listed