Clinical Hypnosis, Mindfulness Meditation
Conditions
Keywords
Mindfulness Meditation, Hypnosis, Acute Pain, Experimental Pain, Mechanisms
Brief summary
This trial aims to determine the effects and mechanisms (mediators and moderators) of brief training in mindfulness meditation versus clinical hypnosis on acute, experimental pain.
Detailed description
Participants (N=200 with complete data) will be healthy undergraduate students or community-based individuals. An experimental, randomised trial will be implemented, with participants randomly assigned to either five daily, 20-minute mindfulness meditation sessions or clinical hypnosis sessions. Repeated measures and experimental pain manipulation will be implemented. Aim 1 is to examine the effects of these two treatments on experimental pain outcomes. Aim 2 is to examine the moderators of these effects. Aim 3 is to determine the mediators underlying improved experimental pain outcomes. Results will refine theory and will inform the future streamlining of treatments to target those mechanisms shown to be of most critical importance.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMindfulness meditation
Participants in the mindfulness meditation condition will practice a breath and body focused meditation.
BEHAVIORALClinical hypnosis
Participants in clinical hypnosis will be guided in a hypnosis practice with suggestions tailored towards shifting pain appraisals.
Sponsors
The University of Queensland
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
The experimenter will remain blind to participant condition.
Intervention model description
Single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group randomized design.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* 18 years of age or older; * Able to read, speak and understand English.
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy, heart or vascular disease, Raynaud's disease, sickle cell disease, seizure disorder, high blood pressure, or diabetes; * Experience of recurrent fainting spells; * Report of a chronic pain condition; * Use of alcohol and/or pain medication in the last 24-hours; * Currently receiving psychiatric care; * Problems with allergic skin reactions or excessive bruising; * Previous participation in a cold pressor experiment. * All participants will be asked to consume a fruit box drink prior to the cold pressor to prevent vasovagal reactions. These
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Pain unpleasantness | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Numerical rating scale in response to exposure to a cold pressor task. |
| Pain intensity | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Numerical rating scale in response to exposure to a cold pressor task. |
| Pain tolerance | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | How long (in seconds) participants tolerate the cold pressor task with the time starting at the point of immersion and stopping when the hand, wrist and forearm were withdrawn from the refrigerated water. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Mechanism: Mindfulness | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire-Short Form |
| Mechanism: Pain catastrophizing | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Pain Catastrophizing Scale |
| Mechanism: Pain appraisals | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Pain Appraisal Inventory |
| Physiological response to pain stimulus | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Heart rate data |
| Mechanism: Hypnotizability | Baseline score at Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) | Stanford Clinical Hypnotizability Scale |
| Mechanism: Pre-treatment expectancies | Baseline score at Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) | Treatment Expectations Questionnaire |
| Mechanism: Pain-Related Cognitive Processes | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire34 |
| Mechanism: Attention Network Task | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | A computer based task that has been developed to allow assessment of the functioning of the three major attentional networks; alerting, orienting, and executive attention. |
| Mechanism: Mind Wandering Task | Change from Experimental Session 1 (Day 1) to Experimental Session 5 (Day 5) | A computer based task that has been developed to allow assessment of three types of mind wandering. |
Countries
Australia
Outcome results
None listed