Stone, Kidney
Conditions
Brief summary
Renal stones are one of the most common urological problems and there are multiple methods for their management such as percutaneous nephrolithotomy, mini and ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy, flexible ureteroscopy and laser lithotripsy, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. percutaneous nephrolithotomy is the treatment of choice for the management of renal calculi, in spite of the increasing stone clearance rate, the complication rate of this procedure is relatively higher.
Detailed description
Nephrolithiasis is a major worldwide source of morbidity, constituting a common urological disease affecting 10-15% of the world population. Consistent technical advancements provide surgeons and patients with several options for the treatment of renal calculi, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS), and conventional open surgery. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is generally considered a gold standard in renal stones particularly larger than 2cm or lower calyceal larger than 1cm offering high stone-free rates after the first treatment as compared to the other minimal invasive lithotripsy techniques. Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL)is a procedure to remove kidney stones from the kidney through a small incision in the skin and it was initially described in the literature by Fernström and Johansson in 1976. Traditionally, the prone position was considered the only position to obtain renal access for PCNL. In 1987, Valdivia Urìa presented the supine PCNL. PCNL is also recommended in the case of smaller stones in patients with contraindications for shockwave lithotripsy (SWL), such as shockwave resistant stones and anatomical malformations, or when a patient elects PCNL as a procedure of higher efficacy. However, serious complications although rare should be expected following this percutaneous procedure as, Perioperative bleeding, urine leakage from nephrocutaneous tract, pelvicalyceal system injury, pain.( Kyriazis et al 2015) colon injury, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, prolonged leak, sepsis, ureteral stone, vascular injury and acute loss of kidney, all are individually confronted complications after PCNL. PCNL techniques include: standard PCNL (S-PCNL), mini-PCNL (also called miniperc), ultra-mini-PCNL (UM-PCNL) and the recently introduced micro-PCNL. One of the most important differences between the various PCNL techniques is the size of renal access, which contributes to the broad spectrum of complications and outcomes.
Interventions
PROCEDUREpercutaneous nephrolithotomy
percutaneous access of the desired calyx is achieved under fluoroscopic guidance with the use of an 18-gauge needle and a guidewire passage. Tract dilation is accomplished by using Amplatz dilators up to 30F.
PROCEDUREultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy
percutaneous access of the desired calyx is achieved under fluoroscopic guidance with the use of an 18-gauge needle and a guidewire passage. Tract dilation is accomplished by using Amplatz dilators up to 12-14 F fascial dilator was used to dilate the nephrostomy tract to pass the 13 F semi-rigid plastic sheath.
Sponsors
Ain Shams University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Masking description
Patients, the Data Collector, and the statistician were blinded to the arms of the study.
Intervention model description
To compare the difference between the two procedures regarding stone-free rates, operative time, hospital stay, procedures cost, and operative complications including blood loss, the need for blood transfusion, and extravasation or urine leakage
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* adult patient aged over 18 with renal stone between 1 and 2 cm
Exclusion criteria
1. patient with a single kidney. 2. Renal stones larger than 2 cm or less than 1 cm. 3. Patients with uncontrolled co-morbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiac disease, chest disease). 4. Patients with active urinary tract infection. 5. Patients with other anatomic renal abnormalities (congenital renal malformations such as horseshoe kidney, polycystic kidney disease, etc.). and Patients with severe skeletal deformity. 6. Pregnant women. 7. Patients with Uncorrectable bleeding disorder. 8. Patients who underwent renal transplantation or urinary diversion
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| stone free rate of patients with renal stones by non contrast CT scan | first day postoperative | efficacy of the procedure to clear renal stones completely in single session, non contrast CT will evaluate the stone burden and compare it to the preoperative measurement |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| postoperative urine leakage from the surgical wound | first day postoperative | urine leakage from the nephrostomy site if it present or not as document during surgical dressing by the attending physician |
| cost analysis of both procedure | 3 days postoperative | cost of each procedure including operative cost and postoperative stay in Egyptian Pound |
| operative time of both procedures | intraoperative finding | time of each procedure in minutes from the lithotomy positioning till completion of the procedure |
| hospital stay of the patient | 1 to 3 days postoperative | duration till patient is discharged in days |
| hemoglobin drop of the patients | first day postoperative | decrease in the hemoglobin level in comparison to the preoperative results |
Countries
Egypt
Contacts
Primary ContactAshraf Satour, Master degree of Urology
Outcome results
None listed