Ergonomics
Conditions
Brief summary
investigate the compatibility of school furniture design
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
Delta University for Science and Technology
Study design
Observational model
OTHER
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
7 Years to 9 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* had normal body mass index (ranged from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/ m2), * The school furniture workstations used by all subjects were all of wooden flat desks and benches.
Exclusion criteria
* suffering from respiratory or heart problems
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| anthropometric measurement for school furniture | up to 24 weeks | The furniture dimensions were measured in mm by Auto CAD analysis for recorded photographs from sitting position.it include: 1) seat height: Measured as a distance from the floor to the highest point on the front of the seat, 2) seat depth: Measured from the back of the sitting surface of the seat to its front,3) backrest height: The vertical distance from the desk seat to the top edge of backrest, 4)desk- seat height: The vertical distance from the seat to the top of the front edge of the desk and 5) under surface of desk height: The vertical distance from the floor to the bottom of the front edge of the shelf under the writing surface.. |
| height | up to 24 weeks | measured in centimetres |
| Body mass index (BMI) | up to 24 weeks | It was calculated as the ratio of the subject's height (in meter) and weight (in kilogram) i.e. BMI= Weight/ Height2 |
| anthropometric measurement for child | up to 24 weeks | The anthropometric measurement for child were measured in mm by Auto CAD analysis for recorded photographs from sitting position.it include:1) elbow seat height: Measured with the elbow flexed at 90°, as the vertical distance from the bottom of the tip of the elbow to the student's seated surface, 2) shoulder height: Measured as the vertical distance from the top of the shoulder at the acromion process to the student's sitting surface,3) upper limb length: Difference between the elbow height and shoulder height. |
| weight | up to 24 weeks | measured in kilograms |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Head postures (angles) | through study completion, an average of 1 year. | Auto CAD program (version 2013) used to determine head postures (angles). 1) Head flexion angle: Line of canthus to tragus with respect to vertical (measured from vertical above intersect). 2) Neck flexion angle : Line of tragus to C7 with respect to vertical (measured from vertical above intersect) |
| scapular postures (displacement and elevation). | through study completion, an average of 1 year. | Auto CAD program (version 2013) used to determine scapular postures (displacement and elevation in mm). 1) Scapula displacement: Horizontal distance between markers at C7 and the anterior border of the acromion (measured in mm), 2)Scapula elevation: Vertical distance between markers at C7 and the anterior border of the acromion. |
| Correlation between educational furniture dimensions and the user body dimensions | through study completion, an average of 1 year. | the percentage of compatibility for the ergonomics design of school furniture were tested by using the following equations: Equation (1): Seat height to popliteal height (N +2) cos 30°≤ SH \< (N + 2) cos 5° Where SH is seat height and N is popliteal height). Equation (2): Seat depth to the popliteal-buttock length 80%M≤ SD \< 95%M Where SD is seat depth and M is popliteal-buttock length. Equation (3): Backrest height:60% H≤ BH \< 80% H Where BH is backrest height and H is shoulder height (scapula height). the previous equations represent the correlation between arthopemeteric measurements for the child (the user) and anthropometric measurement for school furniture.The percentage of matching and dis-matching school furniture calculated. |
Countries
Egypt
Outcome results
None listed