Dental Caries in Children, Lactobacillus Infection, Orthodontic Appliance Complication, Streptococcus, Other Specified Group
Conditions
Keywords
Space maintainers, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus, Salivary flow, Salivary pH
Brief summary
Space maintainers are used to preserve the space after premature loss of teeth but they could effect some factors that play a role in caries formation. The research aimed to assess the impacts of removable and fixed space maintainers on the salivary pH, flow rate, and Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus carriage.
Detailed description
Although the usage of space maintainers can reduce the severity of problems that arise from the early loss of teeth, there are concerns regarding the impact of fixed and removable appliances on factors that can lead to dental caries. All space maintainer appliances are plaque retentive since bands and brackets increase the retention of plaque and food on tooth surfaces, reduce the clearance of plaque by saliva and make conventional oral hygiene for plaque removal more difficult, therefore, they may cause caries development.Space maintainers can favor caries formation by changing the oral microflora. patients aged between 4-10 years, each of whom had an indication for a fixed (n=19) or removable space maintainer (n=19), were enrolled in this research. The salivary pH, saliva flow rate, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in saliva were measured just prior to the application of space maintainers (baseline-T0) and in the course of the follow-up; at the 1st (T1), 3rd (T2), and 6th (T3) months. The Wilcoxon, Mann-Whithney U test and Friedman tests were used for statistical analyses.
Interventions
OTHERThe Salivary pH measured
The saliva samples were obtained at 10-12 a.m. from all children. The saliva was collected into plastic cylinders and the salivary pH was measured with a pH meter (Compact pH meter B-212 twin pH, HORIBA, Osaka, Japan).
OTHERThe saliva flow rate was measured
The saliva flow rate was estimated by during the first 30 s of paraffin chewing. The saliva was collected into plastic cylinders for a period of 5 minutes. Afterward, the saliva were weighed with a in a precision balance (Mettler PC 400, Zurich, Switzerland) and the flow rate was computed in gms/ml.
OTHERStreptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in saliva were measured
The saliva samples were obtained according to described above. Numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) of S. mutans were counted on TSY20B agar and Lactobacilli were counted on Rogosa agar.
Sponsors
TC Erciyes University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
PREVENTION
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
4 Years to 10 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* The present research was conducted on 38 patients aged between 4-10 years, each of whom had an indication for a fixed or removable space maintainer.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients with a medical history that could influence microorganism carriage, including systemic disease, immunosuppression and the usage of antibiotics in the preceding 15 days, were excluded from the research
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY pH WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Salivary pH was measured by pH meter (pH= -log hydrogen ion) |
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNTS WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Strep. mutans were counted by numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml (milliliter) |
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY FLOW RATE WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Saliva flow rate was computed in ml/ min |
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE LACTOBACILLUS COUNTS WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Lactobacilli were counted by numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml (milliliter) |
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVA FLOW RATE, WERE MEASURED | baseline-3rd month measure assessing change | Saliva flow rate was computed in ml/ min |
| FOR FıXED SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY LACTOBACILLUS COUNTS WERE MEASURED | baseline-3rd month measure assessing change | Lactobacilli were counted by numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml (milliliter) |
| FOR REMOVABLE SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY pH WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Salivary pH was measured by pH meter (pH= -log hydrogen ion) |
| FOR REMOVABLE SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY FLOW RATE WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Saliva flow rate was computed in ml/ min |
| FOR REMOVABLE SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS COUNTS WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Strep. mutans were counted by numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml (milliliter) |
| FOR REMOVABLE SPACE MAıNTAıNERS: CHANGES ON THE SALIVARY LACTOBACILLUS COUNTS WERE MEASURED | baseline-1st month measure assessing change | Lactobacilli were counted by numbers of colony-forming units (CFU) per ml (milliliter) |
Outcome results
None listed