Sedative; Anxiety Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
remimazolam
Brief summary
Anesthetic inhalation induction could be one of the most stressful experiences for children during the perioperative period, with almost 50% of them showing anxiety. It is an essential challenge for pediatric anesthesiologists on how to decrease anxiety for children in the operating room (OR) environment and to facilitate a smooth induction of anesthesia. Various factors like parental separation, unfamiliar surroundings, fear of physicians and needle injections can increase their preoperative anxiety. The researchers conducted the current study to investigate whether intranasal remimazolam can reduce anxiety in children before surgery.
Detailed description
children aged 2-5 years old were randomly allocated into three equal groups based on the premedication routes: Group R with intranasal remimazolam, Group D with intranasal dexmedetomidine and Group P with intranasal placebo, respectively.
Interventions
DRUGRemimazolam
intranasal remimazolam
OTHERDistilled water for injection
intranasal distilled water for injection
DRUGDexmedetomidine
Intranasal dexmedetomidine
Sponsors
Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
2 Years to 5 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I or II； 2. aged 2-5 years； 3. children with weight for age within the normal range 4. were scheduled surgery with general anesthesia
Exclusion criteria
1. Children who had gastrointestinal,Cardiovascular or endocrine dysfunction; 2. contraindication to preoperative sedation or had a known allergy or hypersensitive reaction to either dexmedetomidine or remimazolam; 3. with any nasal pathology,organ dysfunction; 4. recently respiratory infection, mental disorder; 5. other reasons that researchers hold it is not appropriate to participate in this trial.-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The level of anxiety | up to 30 minutes after study drug given | The Modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale: The 22-item measure has five behavioural categories: activity, emotional expressivity, alertness and arousal, vocalizations, and interaction with parents. Total scores range from 23.33 through 100 with higher scores indicating greater anxiety. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| the compliance of study drug given | up to 30 minutes before anesthesia induction | behavior score 1. Clam and cooperative； 2. Anxious but reassurable; 3. Anxious but not reassurable; 4. Crying, or resisting The scores of 1 and 2 signified satisfactory compliance, whereas scores of 3 and 4 were classified as poor compliance. |
| Parental separation anxiety scale | up to 30 minutes after study drug given | A four-point parental separation anxiety scale as follows: 1. Easy separation, 2. Whimpers, but is easily reassured, not clinging, 3. Cries and cannot be easily reassured, but not clinging to parents, 4. Crying and clinging to parents. The scores of 1 and 2 signified acceptable separation whereas scores of 3 and 4 were classified as difficult separation. |
| The degree of cooperation during inhalation anesthesia induction | intraoperative, (During inhalation anesthesia induction) | Induction Compliance Checklist range from 0 through 10,and lower scores indicate the higher degree of cooperation during inhalation anesthesia induction |
| The level of sedation | up to 30 minutes after study drug given | Ramsay score 1. Patient anxious or agitated or both 2. Patient cooperative, oriented and tranquil 3. Patient responds to commands only 4. A brisk response to a light glabellar tap 5. A sluggish response to a light glabellar tap 6. No response higher scores mean a higher levels of sedation. |
| Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale，PAEDs | Within up to 15-30 minutes after child's first eye opening in the postoperative period | The pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale consists of four items. Each item is scored 0-4 yielding a total between 0 and 20. The degree of emergence delirium increased directly with the total score.pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale ≥12 at any time indicates presence of emergence delirium. |
| Recovery times | Within up to 30 minutes after child's first eye opening in the postoperative period | The time from discontinuation of sevoflurane to the first open eye of the children and to achieve aldrete≥9 |
| Number of children with adverse effects | Up to 24 hours including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods | Number of children with adverse effects 1. Bradycardia and/or hypotension need for hemodynamic support 2. Desaturation is defined as Oxygen desaturation \<90% 3. Any adverse effects requiring interventions |
| Mask acceptance scale，MAS | intraoperative, (During inhalation anesthesia induction) | Mask acceptance scale，MAS 1. terrified, crying, agitated 2. moderate fear, not calmed with reassurance 3. slight fear of mask, easily calmed 4. unafraid, cooperative, accepts mask readily The scores of 3 and 4 signified satisfactory mask acceptable whereas scores of 1 and 2 were classified as poor mask acceptable. |
Countries
China
Outcome results
None listed