Scapular Dyskinesis
Conditions
Keywords
kinesio tape (KT), Shoulder, upper trapezius, lower trapezius
Brief summary
Shoulder pain increases excitation (or activity) of the upper trapezius (UT) and reduces excitation in lower trapezius (LT). Despite inconclusive evidence, kinesio-tape (KT) is often used to modify muscular excitation within the UT and/or LT to help correct alterations in scapular position and motion associated with shoulder pain/injury. The objectives of the current study were to determine if: 1) inhibitory KT to the UT acutely increases muscle excitation (whole-muscle and spatial distribution) within the LT in healthy individuals; and 2) if loading the limb alters the magnitude of change in muscle excitation of the LT. We hypothesize that: 1) inhibitory KT application to the UT will immediately increase whole-muscle LT excitation, and result in an inferior shift in the distribution of excitation within the LT compared to no tape and sham-KT tape conditions; and 2) the magnitude of immediate increase in LT excitation with KT would be greater in the loaded condition. A repeated-measures, crossover design was used to determine the impact of KT applied to UT and load on muscle excitation of the LT. Participants were asked to perform a repeated arm elevation task during three different taping conditions: no KT, experimental KT and sham KT. Each taping condition performed the repeated arm elevation task during two loading conditions: no load and loaded with 2.3 kilograms. All six conditions were tested during one visit with the no load condition preceding the loaded condition for each taping condition. A baseline trial (no KT; N-KT) was performed first, followed by both an experimental-KT (E-KT) and sham-KT (S-KT) condition. The order of the E-KT and S-KT conditions were randomized and the order was counterbalanced. Testing for each tape condition lasted approximately 10-minutes for a total of 45-minutes per participant including screening, EMG set-up and clean-up. KT was applied to the UT and muscle excitation (EMG amplitude) was measured in the LT using one single 32-grid high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG) electrode during a repeated arm elevation task.
Interventions
DEVICEkinesio-tape
Twenty-two individuals with healthy shoulders completed 10 repetitions of an arm elevation task during three taping conditions (no-tape, experimental KT, sham KT) and 2 loading conditions (no-load and loaded).
Sponsors
Trisha Scribbans
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
BASIC_SCIENCE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 60 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* right-handed individuals * no current shoulder pain or pathology in the shoulder, neck, back.
Exclusion criteria
* recent history (\<6 months) of injury or orthopedic disorder of the shoulder, upper back or neck (e.g. rotator cuff tears, disc pathologies, etc.) * neurological or musculoskeletal disorder (e.g. epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, etc.) * current pain in the shoulder, upper back or neck * previous allergies or skin irritation to adhesives.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Whole-muscle Activation | Measured during 2nd-9th repetitions of the arm elevation task. Each repetition lasted approximately 1.5 seconds, thus the timeframe was approximately 12 seconds. | RMS measured using high-density EMG electrode grids |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | Measured during 2nd-9th repetitions of the arm elevation task. Each repetition lasted approximately 1.5 seconds, thus the timeframe was approximately 12 seconds. | shifts in excitation measured using high-density EMG electrode grids |
Countries
Canada
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
3 participants excluded due to not meeting inclusion criteria.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| No-tape, Experimental KT, Sham KT Participants were asked to perform a repeated arm elevation task during three different taping conditions: no KT, experimental KT and sham KT. Each taping condition performed the repeated arm elevation task during two loading conditions: no load and loaded with 2.3 kilograms. All six conditions were tested during one visit with the no load condition preceding the loaded condition for each taping condition. This trial consisted of a baseline trial (no KT; N-KT) that was performed first, followed by both an experimental-KT (E-KT) and sham-KT (S-KT) condition.
kinesio-tape: Twenty-one individuals with healthy shoulders completed 10 repetitions of an arm elevation task during three taping conditions (no-tape, experimental KT, sham KT) and 2 loading conditions (no-load and loaded). | 11 |
| No-tape, Sham KT, Experimental KT Participants were asked to perform a repeated arm elevation task during three different taping conditions: no KT, experimental KT and sham KT. Each taping condition performed the repeated arm elevation task during two loading conditions: no load and loaded with 2.3 kilograms. All six conditions were tested during one visit with the no load condition preceding the loaded condition for each taping condition. This trial consisted of a baseline trial (no KT; N-KT) that was performed first, followed by both a sham-KT (S-KT) condition and experimental-KT (E-KT).
kinesio-tape: Twenty-one individuals with healthy shoulders completed 10 repetitions of an arm elevation task during three taping conditions (no-tape, experimental KT, sham KT) and 2 loading conditions (no-load and loaded). | 11 |
| Total | 22 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | No-tape, Experimental KT, Sham KT | No-tape, Sham KT, Experimental KT | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 11 Participants | 11 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Age, Continuous | 24 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 | 24 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 | 24 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 3 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 11 Participants | 11 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment Canada | 11 Participants | 11 Participants | 22 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 5 Participants | 6 Participants | 11 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants | 5 Participants | 11 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Whole-muscle Activation
RMS measured using high-density EMG electrode grids
Time frame: Measured during 2nd-9th repetitions of the arm elevation task. Each repetition lasted approximately 1.5 seconds, thus the timeframe was approximately 12 seconds.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| No-tape, no Load | Whole-muscle Activation | .046 V | Standard Deviation 0.019 |
| Sham KT, No-load | Whole-muscle Activation | .043 V | Standard Deviation 0.015 |
| Kinesio Tape, No-load | Whole-muscle Activation | .040 V | Standard Deviation 0.018 |
| No-tape, With Load | Whole-muscle Activation | .061 V | Standard Deviation 0.021 |
| Sham KT, With Load | Whole-muscle Activation | .065 V | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Kinesio Tape, With Load | Whole-muscle Activation | .064 V | Standard Deviation 0.026 |
Secondary
Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation
shifts in excitation measured using high-density EMG electrode grids
Time frame: Measured during 2nd-9th repetitions of the arm elevation task. Each repetition lasted approximately 1.5 seconds, thus the timeframe was approximately 12 seconds.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| No-tape, no Load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .111 mV | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Sham KT, No-load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .114 mV | Standard Deviation 0.05 |
| Kinesio Tape, No-load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .111 mV | Standard Deviation 0.06 |
| No-tape, With Load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .105 mV | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Sham KT, With Load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .111 mV | Standard Deviation 0.04 |
| Kinesio Tape, With Load | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .109 mV | Standard Deviation 0.047 |
| Row 3 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .088 mV | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Row 3 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .093 mV | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Row 3 kt | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .093 mV | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Row 4 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .066 mV | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Row 4 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .07 mV | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Row 4 kt | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .07 mV | Standard Deviation 0.03 |
| Row 5 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .05 mV | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Row 5 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .05 mV | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Row 5 KT | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .05 mV | Standard Deviation 0.02 |
| Row 6 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .03 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 6 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .03 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 6 KT | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .04 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 7 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .02 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 7 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .02 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 7 KT | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .03 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 8 Baseline | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .02 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 8 Sham | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .02 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |
| Row 8 KT | Spatial Distribution of Muscle Activation | .02 mV | Standard Deviation 0.01 |