Aging Problems, Osteoarthritis, Knee
Conditions
Keywords
biomechanics, exercise
Brief summary
Background: Clinical recommendations suggest exercises as the core treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients. However, the biomechanical modification following exercise therapy and its influence on pain remains unclear. The purpose of the study to compare the effectiveness of two different exercise programs, open kinetic chain (CKC) and closed kinetic chain (CKC) strengthening exercises, on pain and lower limb biomechanics for people more than 50 years old with painful mild grade knee OA. Method: 66 individuals with mild knee OA, with knee pain in the previous one week, aged 50 years and above, and who have body mass index (BMI) between 18.9kg/m2 - 29.9 kg/m2 in Kelantan, Malaysia will be recruited in this study. Participants will be randomly allocated into three different groups, either OKC, CKC, or control groups. Participants in OKC and CKC groups will perform the exercises at their home three times per week for eight weeks. The control group will receive only the patient's clinical education about clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care for knee OA and printed materials will be given. The outcome will be measured before and after the intervention. Primary outcomes are self-reported pain, disability, and quality of life scores. Secondary outcomes include lower limb biomechanics during gait and sit-to-stand, and knee isokinetic strength. Discussion: This study will compare the efficacy of two different home-based exercise intervention programs for people with mild grade knee OA. Findings will provide valuable information for creating an effective exercise program that could slow down the progression of OA.
Detailed description
The primary aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to compare the effects of two different home-based exercise programs namely OKC and CKC strengthening exercise intervention, on pain, disability, and quality of life on individuals with mild grade knee OA. Our secondary aim is to compare the effectiveness of OKC and CKC strengthening exercises on lower limb biomechanics during walking gait and sit to stand task. We hypothesize that after eight weeks of intervention OKC and CKC groups will show more improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life scores (what about the secondary outcomes) than the control group. For the CKC and OKC exercise group, participants will perform an 8-week individualized home exercise, a minimum of three sessions in a week. Each session lasts about 30 minutes, including 5 minutes of walking as warming up session and quadriceps and hamstring stretching as the cooldown session. Daily Paracetamol 3000mg will be provided to all three groups. However, the consumption depends on each participant's needs, and the participants need to record it in the diary given. The exercise diary will be given to each participant to ensure patients' adherence to home exercise. During the intervention phase, a designated research team member will contact the participants personally to encourage them to continue their exercises. The untreated control group received the patient's clinical education about clinical manifestations, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and nursing care for knee OA except the information related to exercise. The control group will not receive any home exercise guidance. Upon completing the trial, participants in the control group will receive either CKC or OKC exercises depending on their preference.
Interventions
OTHERExercise
CKC: exercise with joints fixed on the ground OKC: exercise with joints not fixed on the ground
Sponsors
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
50 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* female patients * aged above 50 * body mass index (BMI) \<30 kg / m2 * diagnosed with grade I and II knee OA using Kellgren-Lawrence * have knee pain ≥ 2 on a VAS in the past week
Exclusion criteria
* have neurological disorders * have implanted electrical devices * have non-ambulatory status * have significant cognitive impairment * presence of systemic inflammatory arthritis * have history of hip or knee arthroplasty * have history of trauma or surgical arthroscopy of either knee in the last 6 months * involved in a previous study that includes an exercise program within the last 6 months * received a knee intra-articular injection within the last 3 months * receives anticoagulant therapy * have recent or imminent surgery within the last 3 months * have any medical co-morbidities that excluding them from participation in exercises
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline of pain intensity score at post-intervention | 8 weeks | pain intensity will be assessed using a visual analogue scale. It consists of a bidirectional 10-cm straight line, where 0 cm is no pain and 10 cm is worst imaginable pain, located at either end of the line. Patients will be instructed to draw a vertical mark on the line indicating their pain level. |
| Change from baseline of disability score at post-intervention | 8 weeks | Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index consists of a number of questions designed to assess the clinical severity of the disease (5 questions for pain, 2 questions for stiffness and 17 questions for physical function). It includes 24 questions, each question scored using a five-point scale (0-4) with higher scores representing greater levels of pain, stiffness and severity of the disease. The overall score (index) is determined by summing the scores across the three dimensions and the score ranges between 0-96 (derived from a 0-4 Likert scale). |
| Change from baseline of quality of life score at post-intervention | 8 weeks | The Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life in Malay Version consists of 43 items divided into five dimensions: physical activity, mental health, pain, social support, and social functioning Each item in the five dimensions is measured on a numerical rating scale from 0 to 10. Each item is scored on a scale from 0 to 10, and the normalized scores were obtained by computing the sum of item scores for each domain and calculated to a scale from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) possible quality of life. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline of speed during gait at post-intervention | 8 weeks | The time taken to complete a 6 metre platform will be determined before and after intervention. Faster speed indicates improve function. |
| Change from baseline of knee adduction moment during gait at post-intervention | 8 weeks | The knee adduction moment calculated from the vertical ground reaction force will be collected during mid-stance phase of gait. The value is in Newton metre and will be compared pre- and post-intervention. Reduced knee adduction moment indicates improved biomechanics. |
Countries
Malaysia
Contacts
Primary ContactMohd Bazlan Hafidz Mukrim, BSc
Backup ContactWei Hui Ng, MSc
Outcome results
None listed