Arachnophobia, Claustrophobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Conditions
Keywords
Targeted Memory Reactivation, Memory Consolidation, Exposure Therapy, Sleep
Brief summary
This study evaluates whether a scent applied during exposure therapy and during subsequent sleep will increase the durability of treatment effects for individuals with fear of spiders, contamination, and enclosed spaces.
Detailed description
Newly acquired memories encoded during wakefulness are spontaneously re-activated during sleep, resulting in synaptic potentiation and strengthening of the re-activated traces. Targeted memory reactivation (TMR) typically involves a period of initial learning in the presence of an olfactory or auditory contextual cue, coupled with later presentation of the cue during sleep to ostensibly facilitate memory reactivation and consolidation. Numerous studies have found evidence of improved task performance subsequent to cue-induced neuronal replay, however application of TMR to treatment of naturally acquired, clinically significant fear has been limited. The present study will will provide a rigorous test of TMR's efficacy as an augmentative strategy for exposure therapy. It is hypothesized that participants who sleep in the presence of the same odor that they are exposed to during exposure therapy will exhibit reduced fear at follow up, relative to participants who sleep in the presence of a different odor, or a non-odorous control.
Interventions
OTHERExperimental Scent
Participants will sleep in the presence of the exposure scent, delivered by an Airwick Essential Oils diffuser
OTHERControl Scent
Participants will sleep in the presence of a novel scent, delivered by an Airwick Essential Oils diffuser
OTHERNo-Scent Control
Participants will sleep in the presence of an odorless control vehicle, delivered by an Airwick Essential Oils diffuser
BEHAVIORALIn-Vivo Exposure
Participants will receive 40 minutes of in-vivo exposure therapy to feared targets in the presence of a distinctive exposure scent.
Sponsors
University of Texas at Austin
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Marked anxiety in at least one fear domain (spiders, contamination, or enclosed spaces), as determined by the presence of both: 1. self-reported peak anxiety of at least 50 on a 100 point scale in response to two behavioral approach tasks 2. self-report measures meeting the following cutoffs for the target fear: * Fear of Spiders Questionnaire ≥ 50 * Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised (Washing Subscale) ≥ 4 * Claustrophobia Screener ≥ 2
Exclusion criteria
* Diagnosed sleep disorder * Current sleep medication usage * Inability to differentiate two different odors from an indoor scent diffuser * Current psychotherapy for fear of spiders, snakes, enclosed spaces, or contamination * Current use of air fresheners, scented candles, or other items with odors related to those used in the study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in fear response during two behavioral approach tasks across time points | Baseline (Day 1); Post-treatment (Day 1; immediately after treatment); One Week Follow-Up (Day 8; one week after treatment); One Month Follow-Up (Day 31; one month after treatment) | Change in subjective units of distress (0 = no fear, to 100 = extreme fear) and skin conductance in response to approaching a feared stimulus, from baseline to one month follow-up |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in arachnophobia symptom severity across time-points | Baseline (Day 1); One Week Follow-Up (Day 8; one week after treatment); One Month Follow-Up (Day 31; one month after treatment) | Change in total score on the Fear of Spiders Questionnaire from baseline to one month follow-up |
| Change in claustrophobia symptom severity across time points | Baseline (Day 1); One Week Follow-Up (Day 8; one week after treatment); One Month Follow-Up (Day 31; one month after treatment) | Change in total score on the Claustrophobia Questionnaire from baseline to one month follow-up |
| Change in contamination fear symptom severity across time points | Baseline (Day 1); One Week Follow-Up (Day 8; one week after treatment); One Month Follow-Up (Day 31; one month after treatment) | Change in total score on the contamination subscale of the Padua Inventory- Washington State University Revision from baseline to one month follow-up |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed