Covid19 and Mortality
Conditions
Brief summary
Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, located in Diyarbakır province in southeastern Turkey, was designed as a pandemic hospital from the beginning of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. The first cases in this region were seen on March 22, 2020. In this study, it is aimed to retrospectively examine critical patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to COVID-19 from the first onset of cases until September 01, 2020 and to examine the factors affecting mortality. The necessary permits for the study were obtained from the Scientific Research Platform of the T.R. Ministry of Health and the Ethics Committee of the Gazi Yasargil educational and Research Hospital in Diyarbakır. (No: 550, 11.09.2020) Patients diagnosed with COVID-19 on the specified dates, followed in the ICU, older than 18 years, identified as critical/serious according to the World Health Organization and provisional guidelines of the Scientific Board of the T.R. Ministry of Health will be included in the study. ICU patients without COVID-19; COVID-19 patients under 18 years of age; COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, no respiratory distress, no signs of common pneumonia on lung radiography or tomography will be excluded from the study. Patients' age, gender, comorbidity, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) scores when first admitted to the ICU, hemogram parameters (white blood cell count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count), blood gas information (pH, Partial oxygen pressure-PO2, Partial pressure of carbon dioxide-PCO2, bicarbonate-HCO3, lactate), coagulation parameters (prothrombin time and D-dimer, blood biochemistry results (C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase , urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin), procalcitonin and ferritin levels will be recorded. In addition, the number of days spent in the ICU and whether mortality develops or not will be recorded. Patients will be divided into two groups according to their clinical results as those without mortality during ICU follow-up (Group S) and those with mortality (Group NS). The clinical characteristics of both groups, APACHE II, SOFA, KDIGO scores and laboratory results at the first admission to the ICU will be compared. With the diagnosis of COVID-19, factors affecting mortality in critical patients in the ICU will be tried to be determined.
Interventions
DIAGNOSTIC_TESTclinical features and laboratory values
Patients' age, gender, comorbidity, APACHE II, SOFA and KDIGO scores when first admitted to the ICU, performing hemogram (WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count), blood gas information (pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, lactate), coagulation parameters PTZ and D-dimer, blood biochemistry results (CRP, LDH, CK, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin), procalcitonin and ferritin levels will be recorded. In addition, the number of days spent in the ICU and whether mortality develops or not will be recorded.
Sponsors
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
RETROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* During the period between 22.03.2020 and 01.09.2020, critical patients over the age of 18 who were admitted to the ICU of Diyarbakır Gazi Yasargil Educational and Research Hospital due to COVID-19 will be included in the study.
Exclusion criteria
* ICU patients without COVID-19 * COVID-19 patients under 18 years of age * COVID-19 patients with mild to moderate symptoms, no respiratory distress, no signs of common pneumonia on lung radiography or tomography
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ferritin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score | APACHE II score on the first admission of ICU | The score can help in the assessment of patients to determine the level & degree of diagnostic & therapeutic intervention. Interpretation of APACHE II: minimum 0 and maximum 71; increasing score is associated with an increasing risk of hospital death. |
| Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score | SOFA score on the first admission of ICU | The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a scoring system that assesses the performance of several organ systems in the body (neurologic, blood, liver, kidney, and blood pressure/hemodynamics) and assigns a score based on the data obtained in each category. The SOFA score is made of 6 variables, each representing an organ system. Each organ system is assigned a point value from 0 (normal) to 4 (high degree of dysfunction/failure). Score ranges from 0 (best) to 24 (worst) points. |
| Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time. | It is a system used to determine the severity of kidney failure. It is a classification consisting of four stages: 0-1-2-3. It indicates that the level of failure worsens as the stage increases. |
| White Blood Cell | At ICU admission | White blood cell count was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Neutrophil | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Lymphocyte | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio | the first admission to ICU | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Comorbidities | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Diabetes | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Hypertension | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Chronic Kidney Disease | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Cardiovascular Disease | When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time | The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission. |
| Hemoglobin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Hematocrit | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Platelet | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Prothrombin Time | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| D-dimer | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Blood Gas Analysis-pH | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Partial Oxygen Pressure | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Bicarbonate | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Lactate | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Creatine Kinase | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| C-reactive Protein | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Creatinine | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Alanine Aminotransferase | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Total Bilirubin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Direct Bilirubin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Indirect Bilirubin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
| Procalcitonin | At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission) | This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit | Three months | ICU length of stay was measured as the total number of days from ICU admission to ICU discharge or death, based on information recorded in medical records. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Grup S (Survivors) Survivors in ICU follow-up
clinical features and laboratory values: Patients' age, gender, comorbidity, ABO and Rh blood groups, APACHE II, SOFA and KDIGO scores when first admitted to the ICU, performing hemogram (WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count), blood gas information (pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, lactate), coagulation parameters PTZ and D-dimer, blood biochemistry results (CRP, LDH, CK, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin), procalcitonin and ferritin levels will be recorded. In addition, the number of days spent in the ICU and whether mortality develops or not will be recorded. | 149 |
| Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) Patients who died in ICU follow-up
clinical features and laboratory values: Patients' age, gender, comorbidity, ABO and Rh blood groups, APACHE II, SOFA and KDIGO scores when first admitted to the ICU, performing hemogram (WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, neutrophil / lymphocyte ratio, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count), blood gas information (pH, PO2, PCO2, HCO3, lactate), coagulation parameters PTZ and D-dimer, blood biochemistry results (CRP, LDH, CK, urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin), procalcitonin and ferritin levels will be recorded. In addition, the number of days spent in the ICU and whether mortality develops or not will be recorded. | 296 |
| Total | 445 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Total | Grup S (Survivors) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 71.4 years | 68.5 years | 62.7 years |
| Comorbidity No | 65 Participants | 107 Participants | 42 Participants |
| Comorbidity Yes | 231 Participants | 338 Participants | 107 Participants |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | 0 Participants | — |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 130 Participants | 213 Participants | 83 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 166 Participants | 232 Participants | 66 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 149 | 296 / 296 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 0 | 0 / 0 |
Outcome results
Primary
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score
The score can help in the assessment of patients to determine the level & degree of diagnostic & therapeutic intervention. Interpretation of APACHE II: minimum 0 and maximum 71; increasing score is associated with an increasing risk of hospital death.
Time frame: APACHE II score on the first admission of ICU
Population: APACHE II score
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score | 13.1 score on a scale |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II Score | 18.3 score on a scale |
Primary
Alanine Aminotransferase
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Alanine Aminotransferase | 32.2 U/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Alanine Aminotransferase | 47.9 U/L |
Primary
Aspartate Aminotransferase
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Aspartate Aminotransferase | 40.8 U/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Aspartate Aminotransferase | 81.5 U/L |
Primary
Bicarbonate
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Bicarbonate | 23.02 mmol/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Bicarbonate | 21.16 mmol/L |
Primary
Blood Gas Analysis-pH
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Blood Gas Analysis-pH | 7.38 Quantitative measure of the acidity |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Blood Gas Analysis-pH | 7.36 Quantitative measure of the acidity |
Primary
Blood Urea Nitrogen
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Blood Urea Nitrogen | 47.6 mg/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Blood Urea Nitrogen | 72.5 mg/dl |
Primary
Cardiovascular Disease
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Cardiovascular Disease | 19 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Cardiovascular Disease | 47 Participants |
Primary
Chronic Kidney Disease
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Chronic Kidney Disease | 12 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Chronic Kidney Disease | 22 Participants |
Primary
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 19 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | 26 Participants |
Primary
Comorbidities
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Comorbidities | No | 42 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Comorbidities | Yes | 107 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Comorbidities | No | 65 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Comorbidities | Yes | 231 Participants |
Primary
C-reactive Protein
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | C-reactive Protein | 120.4 mg/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | C-reactive Protein | 151.7 mg/L |
Primary
Creatine Kinase
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Creatine Kinase | 204.4 IU/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Creatine Kinase | 369.4 IU/L |
Primary
Creatinine
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Creatinine | 1.28 mg/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Creatinine | 1.68 mg/dl |
Primary
D-dimer
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | D-dimer | 954.5 ng/ml |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | D-dimer | 2564.4 ng/ml |
Primary
Diabetes
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Diabetes | 38 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Diabetes | 89 Participants |
Primary
Direct Bilirubin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Direct Bilirubin | 0.34 mg/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Direct Bilirubin | 0.4 mg/dl |
Primary
Ferritin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Ferritin | 673.8 μg/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Ferritin | 951.5 μg/L |
Primary
Hematocrit
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Hematocrit | 40.61 percentage of red blood cell |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Hematocrit | 41.2 percentage of red blood cell |
Primary
Hemoglobin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Hemoglobin | 13.06 g/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Hemoglobin | 12.6 g/dl |
Primary
Hypertension
The presence of this comorbidity was determined based on medical history documented in medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Hypertension | 64 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Hypertension | 114 Participants |
Primary
Indirect Bilirubin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Indirect Bilirubin | 0.33 mg/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Indirect Bilirubin | 0.33 mg/dl |
Primary
Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores
It is a system used to determine the severity of kidney failure. It is a classification consisting of four stages: 0-1-2-3. It indicates that the level of failure worsens as the stage increases.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time.
| Arm | Measure | Category | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 0 | 113 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 1 | 17 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 2 | 12 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 3 | 7 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 3 | 87 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 0 | 76 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 2 | 67 Participants |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes Scores | KDIGO 1 | 66 Participants |
Primary
Lactate
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Lactate | 2.2 mmol/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Lactate | 3.04 mmol/L |
Primary
Lactate Dehydrogenase
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Lactate Dehydrogenase | 406.7 U/L |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Lactate Dehydrogenase | 569.4 U/L |
Primary
Lymphocyte
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Lymphocyte | 1.1 cells × 10³/µL |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Lymphocyte | 0.93 cells × 10³/µL |
Primary
Neutrophil
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: When the patients were admitted to ICU for the first time
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Neutrophil | 8.75 cells × 10³/µL |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Neutrophil | 9.9 cells × 10³/µL |
Primary
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: the first admission to ICU
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio | 9.4 Ratio |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio | 14.5 Ratio |
Primary
Partial Oxygen Pressure
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Partial Oxygen Pressure | 42.14 mmHg |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Partial Oxygen Pressure | 40.3 mmHg |
Primary
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide | 39.1 mmHg |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide | 38.61 mmHg |
Primary
Platelet
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Platelet | 253.4 ×1000/uL |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Platelet | 237.3 ×1000/uL |
Primary
Procalcitonin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Procalcitonin | 1.39 ng/ml |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Procalcitonin | 4.13 ng/ml |
Primary
Prothrombin Time
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Prothrombin Time | 13.3 second |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Prothrombin Time | 14.1 second |
Primary
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score
The Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is a scoring system that assesses the performance of several organ systems in the body (neurologic, blood, liver, kidney, and blood pressure/hemodynamics) and assigns a score based on the data obtained in each category. The SOFA score is made of 6 variables, each representing an organ system. Each organ system is assigned a point value from 0 (normal) to 4 (high degree of dysfunction/failure). Score ranges from 0 (best) to 24 (worst) points.
Time frame: SOFA score on the first admission of ICU
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score | 3.3 units on a scale |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score | 4.8 units on a scale |
Primary
Total Bilirubin
This parameter was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission (first laboratory measurement after ICU admission)
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Total Bilirubin | 0.68 mg/dl |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Total Bilirubin | 0.75 mg/dl |
Primary
White Blood Cell
White blood cell count was measured using routinely collected laboratory data obtained from medical records at ICU admission.
Time frame: At ICU admission
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | White Blood Cell | 10.6 cells × 10³/µL |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | White Blood Cell | 11.6 cells × 10³/µL |
Secondary
Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit
ICU length of stay was measured as the total number of days from ICU admission to ICU discharge or death, based on information recorded in medical records.
Time frame: Three months
Population: All participants included in the study were analyzed for this outcome. The numbers analyzed are identical to those reported in the participant flow.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) |
|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Score Grup S (Survivors) | Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit | 13.02 Day |
| APACHE II Score Grup NS (Nonsurvivors) | Length of Stay in the Intensive Care Unit | 10.3 Day |