Appetitive Behavior, Gastric Emptying
Conditions
Keywords
younger adults, older adults, appetite, satiety, macronutrients
Brief summary
This study aims to compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake, perceived appetite and gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older (\> 65 years) people living in the United Kingdom (UK).
Detailed description
To assess if increasing protein intake in older adults will have a compensatory decrease in energy intake due to protein's satiating effects. To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on energy intake and perceived appetite in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years). To compare the effect of meals high in protein, fat and carbohydrate but equal in energy and volume on gastric emptying in younger (\<40 years) and older adults (\>65 years).
Interventions
OTHERSmoothie
Preload smoothies that are matched for taste, smell, appearance, quantity and calorie but different caloric content.
Sponsors
Ministry of National Education, Turkey
University of Reading
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
SINGLE (Subject)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* either aged \>65 years or \<40 years * healthy
Exclusion criteria
* having a disease and/or using a medication that can impact on appetite in the past three months; * having an allergy to any of the test foods; * disliking or cannot eat any of the test foods; * being pregnant or breastfeeding; * being obese (BMI \> 30 kg/m2); * being on a weight loss diet; * smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ad-libitum meal consumption | 3 days in total | Consumption of the ad-libitum meal is measured (g). Participants are instructed to eat until they feel comfortable full and are given 20 min to consume the meal. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Ratings of appetite | 3 days in total | Appetite are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100). |
| Gastric Emptying | 3 days in total | Gastric emptying is measured using of 13C octanoic acid breath test |
| Ratings of palatability | 3 days in total | Palatability ratings are assessed using a 100 mm Visual Analogue Scales (VAS, scale 0-100). |
Countries
United Kingdom
Contacts
Primary ContactMiriam Clegg, BSc, PhD
Backup ContactLisa Methven, BSc, PhD
Outcome results
None listed