Well-Being
Conditions
Keywords
Health and Well-Being, Positive Psychology Intervention, Online Bibliotherapy
Brief summary
This study is a randomized controlled trial of an online, evidenced-based intervention (the ENHANCE program) that was modified to address the health and well-being challenges of COVID-19. Eligible participants will be randomized into the ENHANCE or Wait-List Control group over a 12-week period. ENHANCE participants will be introduced, and asked to practice, 10 evidenced-based principles and skills of happiness and well-being. Participants will complete an online survey about their health and well-being at baseline, midway (or 6 weeks), post-assessment (or at the end of the 12-week study), and 3-months following the end of the study.
Detailed description
The study is designed as a 12-week, two-armed, randomized controlled trail to assess the efficacy of a COVID-19-modified version of the Enduring Happiness and Continued Self-Enhancement (ENHANCE) program. The ENHANCE program represents a 12-week multi-construct, evidenced-based intervention for improving overall happiness and subjective well-being. The ENHANCE program was modified specifically to address the known health and well-being challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eligible participants will be randomized into either the ENHANCE program or Wait-List Control (WLC) group. ENHANCE participants will be introduced to 10 evidenced-based principles that have been shown to improve health and well-being outcomes. Participants will be further guided to systematically practice these principles in their daily lives using a small-changes approach. WLC participants will be asked to continue life a usual, and provided some additional health and well-being resources that can be accessed online to support current, ongoing distress, if needed. Participants will be asked to complete an online survey about their emotional, social, and physical well-being at baseline (or at the start of the study), midway (or 6-weeks into the study), and at post-assessment (or at the end of the study period). At the end of the study period, all control participants will also be offered the full ENHANCE program. Investigators expect that participants receiving the ENHANCE program will show improvements across all negative (e.g., depression, anxiety) and positive (e.g., life satisfaction, quality of life) variables from baseline to post-study. Investigators further expect there to be immediate positive health and economic outcomes linked to active participation in the ENHANCE program (versus the WLC group). Investigators believe the impacts of this research will include (a) mitigating the risk of a severe onset of mental health problems related to anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, and suicide, (b) increasing positive mental health and well-being, and (c) increasing physical health in participants across time.
Interventions
OTHEREnduring Happiness and Continued Self-Enhancement (ENHANCE) for COVID-19
ENHANCE is a 12-session program designed to help improve subjective well-being, especially through the challenges of a pandemic. The ENHANCE program introduces and teaches people about the evidence-based principles and skills that have been shown across decades of research to improve overall health and well-being.
Sponsors
University of Virginia
University of Utah
University of British Columbia
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals who are fluent in English and are 19 years or older.
Exclusion criteria
* N/A
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline mood |
| Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline satisfaction with life |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline anxiety |
| Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline mood |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline stress |
| Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline affect |
| Health Anxiety Inventory Short-Form (HAI-SF) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline anxiety |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| PTSD Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (PCL-5) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline trauma-related distress |
| World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL - BREF) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline quality of life |
| European Quality of Life Group - 5 Dimensions - 5 Levels (EQ-5D-5L) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline quality of life |
| Meaning In Life Questionnaire (MLQ) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline meaning in life |
| Sleep Disorder Questionnaire (SDQ) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline sleep quality |
| Measure of Attachment Qualities (MAQ) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline attachment |
| University of California, Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA Loneliness Scale) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline loneliness |
| Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline sleep quality |
| Paffenbarger Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) | Baseline, Mid-assessment (6 weeks), Post-assessment (3 months), Follow-up-assessment (6 months) | Change from baseline physical activity |
Countries
Canada
Outcome results
None listed