Covid19, Exercise
Conditions
Keywords
respiratory function tests, inspiratory muscle training
Brief summary
This study aims to investigate whether adjunctive inspiratory muscle training (IMT) can enhance the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) in patients with COVID-19. 120 patients will be randomized into an interventional group (PR plus IMT) and a control group (sham IMT plus PR). Improvement in quality of life, peak VO2 and VE/VCO2 slope will be defined as a primary outcome. Maximal inspiratory pressure, inspiratory muscle endurance, pulmonary function testing, severity of fatigue, cost-effectiveness and six minute walk test will be defined as the secondary outcomes.
Interventions
DEVICEinspiratory muscle traiing
The patients are encouraged to inhale against a load to increase the inspiratory muscle strength and endurance
Sponsors
University of Brasilia
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Escola Superior de Ciencias da Saude
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
To be eligible, participants must be: * over 18 years of age * confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis * Individuals that required hospitalization and either i) non-invasive respiratory support (CPAP, high-flow oxygen catheter, non-breathing oxygen mask, or ii) invasive mechanical ventilation within three months of study recruitment.
Exclusion criteria
* Pregnancy * Dependence on others to perform activities of daily living during the month prior to the current ICU admission (gait aids are acceptable) * documented cognitive impairment * Proven or suspected spinal cord injury, or other neuromuscular diseases that will result in a permanent or prolonged weakness (not including ICU acquired weakness) * Severe neurological disease * Death is deemed inevitable as a result of the current illness and either the patient or treating clinical or substitute decision-maker are not committed to full active treatment.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Measurements | change from baseline in Peak VO2, VE/VCO2 slope and VAT at 8 weeks and 6 months | Peak VO2 is a measurement of oxygen consumption rate during exercise (milliliters of oxygen per minute). It is calculated by continuous measurement of oxygen consumed during exercise while patients breath through a mask/tube. To account for variability in patient size, the oxygen consumption is divided by patient body weight.The VE/VCO2 slope is calculated as the ratio of minute ventilation (VE) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2). Because these measurements share the same units, the resultant ratio is unitless.The ventilatory anaerobic threshold (VAT) will be determined by the V-slope method. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Anxiety and Depression | Change from baseline in HADS score at 8 weeks and 6 months | Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) is a 14-item questionnaire for screening anxiety (7 items) and depression (7 items). Each item is scored from 0-3 (a 4-point severity scale). Highest anxiety or depression score is 21. Patients are defined as having anxiety or depression or both if the score is 8 or more in the each subscale. |
| incremental cost-utility ratio | 6 months | Utility will be measured by Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALYs) as estimated from responses to the Euroqol-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D 5L) health-related quality of life questionnaire. The questionnaire focuses on 5 dimensions: mobility, personal autonomy, current activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. For each of these dimensions, 5 answers are possible. |
| Health- related quality of life | change from baseline in EQ-5D score at 8 weeks and 6 months | EQ-5D is a standardized tool for the assessment of quality of life in 5 different dimensions (Mobility, Self-Care, Usual Activities, Pain/Discomfort, Anxiety/Depression). Possible scores range from 1 (No problem) to 3 (Extreme problems) and each dimension are evaluated individually |
| Pulmonary function testing | change from baseline in FEV1 and FVC in Liters at 8 weeks and 6 months. | Spirometry will be performed with a spirometer (Microlab 3.500; CareFusion, Yorba Linda, CA, USA). Three forced expiration maneuvers will be performed for validity and reproducibility purposes according to ATS/ERS criteria, with patients sitting, in a room with controlled temperature, ambient pressure, and relative humidity. The following variables will be analyzed: (a) forced vital capacity (FVC, L), (b) forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1, L). |
| Dyspnea | change from baseline in mMRC score at 8 weeks and 6 months | The modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC). A score from 0-4 is used to classify the impact of dyspnea on physical function in patients with respiratory limitations. 0 represents a person who suffers from dyspnea only with strenuous exercise. 4 represents a person who are to breathless to leave the house, or breathless when dressing/undressing. |
| Respiratory muscle strength | change from baseline in MIP and MEP at 8 weeks and 6 months | Pulmonary function test with Maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) measurements |
| severity of fatigue | change from baseline in FSS score at 8 weeks and 6 months | Fatigue severity scale (FSS) is a questionnaire consisting of 9 questions showing the degree of fatigue of patients. An average score of less than 2.8 indicates no fatigue, and more than 6.1 indicates chronic fatigue syndrome |
| isometric knee extension strength | change from baseline in Nm at 8 weeks | peripheral muscle stregnth assessed by isometric load dynamometer |
| displacement | change from baseline in CM2 at 8 weeks | outcomes assessed by baropodometry |
| trajectory | change from baseline in CM2 at 8 weeks | outcome assessed by baropodometry |
| isometric knee flexion strength | change from baseline in Nm at 8 weeks | peripheral muscle stregnth assessed by isometric load dynamometer |
| dynamic balance | change from baseline in Total score at 8 weeks | dynamic balance assessed by Mini-BEST testing |
| Sit to Stand Test | change from baseline in repetitions at 8 weeks | exercise capacity assessed by Sit to Stand test |
| Postural Control | change from baseline in Postural stability test and fall risk test at 8 weeks | postural control assessed by stabilometry test |
Countries
Brazil
Outcome results
None listed