Abuse Potential
Conditions
Keywords
Neurontin, Diazepam, Abuse Liability, Gabapentin
Brief summary
This will be a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo- and active controlled, 5 treatment, 10 sequence, 5 period crossover single dose, Williams square design study in healthy adult, non drug dependent male and female participants with drug abuse experience with sedative drugs.
Detailed description
The study includes Screening, a Qualification Phase consisting of a Naloxone Challenge and Drug Discrimination crossover study, a Treatment Phase and Follow-up. Following successful completion of the Qualification Phase the participants will be enrolled in the Treatment phase. The Treatment Phase is a randomized, double-blind, double dummy, placebo- and active controlled, 5 treatment, 10-sequence, 5 period crossover, single-dose, Williams square design study in healthy male and/or female adult, non drug-dependent recreational users. On Day 1 of each of the Treatment Phase 5 periods, which will be separated by a washout of at least 14 days, participants will receive an oral dose of either NEURONTIN® 1800 mg, 1200 mg or 600 mg or 20 mg diazepam, or placebo. Study treatments will be administered under fasted conditions (overnight fast and no food until 4 hours after dosing). Water will be allowed without restriction until 1 hour prior to dosing and 1 hour after dosing.
Interventions
participants will receive an oral dose of gabapentin 600 mg
participants will receive an oral dose of gabapentin 1200 mg
DRUGgabapentin 1800 mg
participants will receive an oral dose of gabapentin 1800 mg
DRUGdiazepam 20 mg
participants will receive an oral dose of 20 mg dose of diazepam
OTHERplacebo
participants will receive an oral dose of placebo
Sponsors
Viatris Specialty LLC
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
1. Male and female participants must be 18 to 65 years of age, inclusive, at the time of screening. 2. Participants must meet reproductive criteria as outlined in the protocol. 3. Male and female participants who are overtly healthy. Healthy is defined as no clinically relevant abnormalities identified by a detailed medical history, complete physical examination, vital signs, 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG), and/or clinical laboratory tests. 4. Participants must be recreational sedative users, defined as those reporting using a sedative agent (eg, barbiturates, benzodiazepines) for its intoxicating effects on at least 10 lifetime occasions and at least once in the 12 weeks before the Screening Visit (Visit 1), but who have no signs of dependence and are not seeking treatment for their sedative use. 5. Participants must satisfactorily complete both the Naloxone Challenge and the Drug Discrimination phases. 6. Participants who are willing and able to comply with all scheduled visits, treatment plan, laboratory tests, lifestyle considerations, and other study procedures. 7. Body mass index (BMI) of 17.5 to 34 kg/m2, inclusive; and a total body weight \>50 kg (110 lb). 8. Capable of giving signed informed consent as described in the protocol, which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent document (ICD) and in this protocol.
Exclusion criteria
1. Participants with current or past diagnosis of any type of drug dependence within the past year. Diagnosis of substance and/or alcohol dependence (excluding caffeine and nicotine) will be assessed by the Investigator using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) criteria performed at Screening. Current drug use will be allowed if the candidate can produce a negative urine sample and are free of any signs/symptoms of withdrawal. The candidate will be informed if they have a positive breathalyzer test. 2. Participants are heavy smokers or users of other types of nicotine products (\>20 cigarettes equivalents per day) 3. Participants are unable to abstain from smoking for at least 2 hours before and at least 8 hours after study drug administration. 4. Evidence or history of clinically significant hematological, renal, endocrine, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, hepatic, psychiatric, neurological, or allergic disease (including drug allergies, but excluding untreated, asymptomatic, seasonal allergies at the time of dosing). 5. Participants with any history of sleep apnea, myasthenia or glaucoma. 6. Any condition possibly affecting drug absorption (eg, gastrectomy) excluding cholecystectomy within 1 year prior to study. 7. Clinical or laboratory evidence of active hepatitis A infection or a history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C, and/or positive testing for HIV, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb), or hepatitis C antibody (HCVAb). 8. Participants with active suicidal ideation or suicidal behavior within 5 year prior to Screening as determined through the use of the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) or active ideation identified at Screening or on Day -1. 9. Other acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation or behavior or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or investigational product administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the participant inappropriate for entry into this study. 10. Use of prescription or nonprescription drugs and dietary supplements within 7 days or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) prior to the first dose of investigational product. (Refer to Section 6.5 for additional details). 11. Herbal supplements and herbal medications must be discontinued at least 28 days prior to the first dose of study medication. 12. Previous administration with an investigational drug within 30 days (or as determined by the local requirement) or 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) preceding the first dose of investigational product used in this study. 13. Positive urine drug screen (UDS) for substances of abuse at each admission in Qualification and Treatment Phase, excluding tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). If a participant presents with a positive UDS excluding THC at any admission or any visit, the investigator, at his/her discretion, may reschedule a repeat UDS until the UDS is negative, excluding THC, before the participant is permitted to participate in any phase of the study. 14. Participants unable to abstain from using THC during the Qualification and Treatment Phases of the study.. 15. Has participated in, is currently participating in, or is seeking treatment for substance-and/or alcohol-related disorders (excluding nicotine and caffeine). 16. Has a positive alcohol breathalyzer test at Screening or upon admission to the study center at Visits 2-6. Positive results may be repeated and/or participants re-scheduled at the Investigator's discretions. 17. Screening sitting BP \>=140 mm Hg (systolic) or \>=90 mm Hg (diastolic), following at least 5 minutes of rest. If BP is \>=140 mm Hg (systolic) or \>=90 mm Hg (diastolic), the BP should be repeated 2 more times and the average of the 3 BP values should be used to determine the participant's eligibility. Repeated BP tests should be spaced at least 5 minutes apart. 18. Baseline (screening) 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) that demonstrates clinically relevant abnormalities that may affect participant safety or interpretation of study results (eg, baseline corrected QT (QTc) interval \>450 msec, complete left bundle branch block \[LBBB\], signs of an acute or indeterminate-age myocardial infarction, ST-T interval changes suggestive of myocardial ischemia, second- or third-degree atrioventricular \[AV\] block, or serious bradyarrhythmias or tachyarrhythmias). If the baseline uncorrected QT interval is \>450 msec, this interval should be rate-corrected using the Fridericia method and the resulting QTcF should be used for decision making and reporting. If QTc exceeds 450 msec, or QRS exceeds 120 msec, the ECG should be repeated 2 more times and the average of the 3 QTc or QRS values should be used to determine the participant's eligibility. Computer-interpreted ECGs should be overread by a physician experienced in reading ECGs before excluding participants. 19. Participants with ANY of the following abnormalities in clinical laboratory tests at screening, as assessed by the study-specific laboratory and confirmed by a single repeat test, if deemed to be clinically significant in the opinion of the investigator: * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level \>=1.5 × upper limit of normal (ULN); * Total bilirubin level \>=1.5 × ULN; participants with a history of Gilbert's syndrome may have direct bilirubin measured and would be eligible for this study provided the direct bilirubin level is \<= ULN. 20. Blood donation (excluding plasma donations) of approximately 1 pint (500 mL) or more within 60 days prior to dosing. 21. History of sensitivity to heparin or heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. 22. Unwilling or unable to comply with the criteria in the Lifestyle Considerations section of this protocol. 23. History of hypersensitivity to gabapentin or diazepam or any of the components in the formulation of the study products. 24. Investigator site staff members directly involved in the conduct of the study and their family members, site staff members otherwise supervised by the investigator, or Sponsor employees, including their family members, directly involved in the conduct of the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | up to 72 hours after treatments | Drug liking assesses how much a participant likes or dislikes a drug effect at the time the question is being asked. It is scored using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), where 0 mm = Strong Disliking, 50 mm = Neither Like nor Dislike, and 100 mm = Strong Liking |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | Up to 72 hours after treatments (Assessments were made at the following timepoints after each treatment: 0, 0.25, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) | Area under the effect-time profile from time 0 to the time of the last available data for the Drug liking visual analog scale which assesses how much a participant likes or dislikes a drug effect at the time the question (at this moment, my liking this drug is) is being asked. It is scored using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), where 0 mm = Strong Disliking, 50 mm = Neither Like nor Dislike, and 100 mm = Strong Liking. The minimum and maximum possible scores are approximately 0 and 7200 if a subject scores 0 mm (strong disliking) and 100 mm (strong liking) respectively at every timepoint up to 72 hours. |
| Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | up to 72 hours after treatments | Maximum effect on the 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I am feeling high where 0 = not at all and 100 =extremely |
| Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | up to 72 hours after treatments | Time after dosing when the maximum effect for High VAS is reached |
| Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | Up to 72 hours after treatments (Assessments were made at the following timepoints after each treatment: 0, 0.25, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) | Area under the effect-time profile from time 0 to the time of the last available data for the High visual analog scale which measures on a 100 mm visual analog scale the subject's response to the question I am feeling high where 0 =not at all and 100 =extremely. The minimum and maximum possible scores are 0 and approximately 7200 if a subject scores 0 mm (not at all) and 100 mm (extremely) respectively at every timepoint up to 72 hours. |
| Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | At 24 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | At 36 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | At 48 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | At 72 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | up to 72 hours after treatments | Time after dosing when the maximum effect for Drug Liking VAS is reached |
| Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | At 36 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | At 48 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | At 72 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
| Cmax of Gabapentin | Up to 72 hours after treatments (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for this outcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours) | Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of gabapentin |
| Tmax of Gabapentin | Up to 72 hours after treatments (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours) | Time when the maximum concentration of gabapentin is reached |
| AUClast of Gabapentin | up to 72 hours after treatment (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours) | Area under the effect time profile from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of gabapentin |
| Terminal Half-life of Gabapentin | up to 72 hours after treatment (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours) | Terminal half-life (t½) of gabapentin |
| Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | At 24 hours after treatment | 100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Pre-assignment details
Subjects entered a Qualification phase involving a naloxone challenge test (to exclude subjects who were opioid dependent) and a drug discrimination test (to confirm they can tell the difference between diazepam and placebo). Only subjects who passed the tests in the Qualification phase were randomized into the Treatment phase where they received the 5 different single dose study treatments, each separated by a washout of at least 14 days, in the order specified for Sequences 1-10 below
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Modified Completer Population All participants who completed all 5 treatment periods of the Treatment Phase but excluding those subjects who had scores for the primary endpoint (maximum Drug Liking Visual Analog Scale score) that were within 5 points across all 5 treatments and/or had high placebo scores for the primary endpoint (maximum Drug Liking Visual Analog Scale score for placebo was \> 60 on a 100 point scale and the primary endpoint for placebo was 5 or more points greater than that for the positive control, diazepam). This was the primary analysis population. | 41 |
| Total | 41 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 | FG004 | FG005 | FG006 | FG007 | FG008 | FG009 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study | Adverse Event | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Overall Study | Physician Decision | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Modified Completer Population |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 34.2 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 9.15 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 6 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 35 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 12 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 25 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 41 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 10 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 31 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 52 | 0 / 52 | 0 / 51 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 11 / 50 | 30 / 50 | 20 / 52 | 24 / 52 | 23 / 51 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 50 | 0 / 50 | 0 / 52 | 0 / 52 | 0 / 51 |
Outcome results
Primary
Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax).
Drug liking assesses how much a participant likes or dislikes a drug effect at the time the question is being asked. It is scored using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), where 0 mm = Strong Disliking, 50 mm = Neither Like nor Dislike, and 100 mm = Strong Liking
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatments
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | 51.98 Score on a scale | Standard Error 0.955 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | 79.37 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.533 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | 61.95 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.418 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | 61.39 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.209 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for Drug Liking Maximum Effect (Emax). | 60.95 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.27 |
Comparison: The sensitivity and integrity of the study was validated by comparing the mean responses of diazepam, the positive control (C), to the placebo (P):~H0: μC - μP ≤ δ1 versus Ha: μC - μP \> δ1 where δ1 = 15p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The primary analysis evaluated whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show abuse potential similar to placebo.~H0: μT - μP ≥ δ3 versus Ha: μT - μP \< δ3 where δ3 =11p-value: 0.3581Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The primary analysis evaluated whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show abuse potential similar to placebo.~H0: μT - μP ≥ δ3 versus Ha: μT - μP \< δ3 where δ3 =11p-value: 0.3051Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The primary analysis evaluated whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show abuse potential similar to placebo.~H0: μT - μP ≥ δ3 versus Ha: μT - μP \< δ3 where δ3 =11p-value: 0.2179Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The null and alternative hypotheses for evaluating whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show less abuse potential than diazepam (C) were:~H0: μC - μT ≤ δ2 versus Ha: μC - μT \> δ2 where δ2 =0p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The null and alternative hypotheses for evaluating whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show less abuse potential than diazepam (C) were:~H0: μC - μT ≤ δ2 versus Ha: μC - μT \> δ2 where δ2 =0p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
Comparison: The null and alternative hypotheses for evaluating whether gabapentin (T) produced mean responses that show less abuse potential than diazepam (C) were:~H0: μC - μT ≤ δ2 versus Ha: μC - μT \> δ2 where δ2 =0p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
AUClast of Gabapentin
Area under the effect time profile from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration (AUClast) of gabapentin
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatment (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours)
Population: Pharmacokinetic population: all enrolled participants who received study medication and have pharmacokinetic data for the parameters of interest
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | AUClast of Gabapentin | 41848.88 nanograms*hour/milliliter | Standard Deviation 10659.677 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | AUClast of Gabapentin | 66972.60 nanograms*hour/milliliter | Standard Deviation 15921.032 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | AUClast of Gabapentin | 80483.05 nanograms*hour/milliliter | Standard Deviation 22369.826 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast])
Area under the effect-time profile from time 0 to the time of the last available data for the Drug liking visual analog scale which assesses how much a participant likes or dislikes a drug effect at the time the question (at this moment, my liking this drug is) is being asked. It is scored using a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), where 0 mm = Strong Disliking, 50 mm = Neither Like nor Dislike, and 100 mm = Strong Liking. The minimum and maximum possible scores are approximately 0 and 7200 if a subject scores 0 mm (strong disliking) and 100 mm (strong liking) respectively at every timepoint up to 72 hours.
Time frame: Up to 72 hours after treatments (Assessments were made at the following timepoints after each treatment: 0, 0.25, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours)
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 3441.77 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 101.695 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 3778.02 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 124.372 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 3588.67 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 107.642 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 3601.72 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 46.538 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 3652.27 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 114.555 |
p-value: 0.0023Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.215790% CI: [-82.7, 363.7]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.17290% CI: [-68.3, 379.1]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.062290% CI: [-11, 435.5]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.103190% CI: [-409, 37.94]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.133490% CI: [-394, 52.71]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.318990% CI: [-338, 110.8]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax])
Time after dosing when the maximum effect for Drug Liking VAS is reached
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatments
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 0.2 Hours |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 1.51 Hours |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 2.0 Hours |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 2.0 Hours |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Drug Liking (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 2.5 Hours |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 24 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | 48.20 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.909 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | 63.66 Score on a scale | Standard Error 3.578 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | 57.10 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.56 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | 54.15 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.618 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 24 Hour Post Dose | 53.90 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.602 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 36 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | 49.59 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.584 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | 61.83 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.962 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | 54.75 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.952 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | 55.63 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.757 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 36 Hour Post Dose | 53.49 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.109 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 48 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | 49.68 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.467 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | 61.07 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.992 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | 54.83 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.485 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | 54.66 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.156 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 48 Hour Post Dose | 53.37 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.107 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question Overall, my liking for this drug is where0 = definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 72 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | 49.56 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.503 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | 61.46 Score on a scale | Standard Error 3.449 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | 55.68 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.117 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | 55.10 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.222 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Overall Drug Liking at 72 Hour Post Dose | 53.46 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.606 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 24 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | 48.66 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.955 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | 63.10 Score on a scale | Standard Error 3.218 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | 58.28 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.453 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | 55.63 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.318 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 24 Hour Post Dose | 54.90 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.773 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 36 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | 49.27 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.392 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | 64.95 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.846 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | 55.33 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.546 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | 55.73 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.988 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 36 Hour Post Dose | 54.93 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.403 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 48 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | 49.24 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.39 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | 62.24 Score on a scale | Standard Error 3.232 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | 55.90 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.954 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | 52.80 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.785 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 48 Hour Post Dose | 53.59 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.15 |
Secondary
Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose
100 mm visual analog scale for the question I would take this drug again where 0 =definitely not, 50 = neutral, and 100 = definitely so.
Time frame: At 72 hours after treatment
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | 49.17 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.402 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | 63.88 Score on a scale | Standard Error 3.679 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | 55.90 Score on a scale | Standard Error 1.921 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | 53.76 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.583 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Bipolar VAS for Take Drug Again at 72 Hour Post Dose | 54.46 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.184 |
Secondary
Cmax of Gabapentin
Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of gabapentin
Time frame: Up to 72 hours after treatments (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for this outcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours)
Population: Pharmacokinetic population: all enrolled participants who received study medication and have pharmacokinetic data for the parameters of interest.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Cmax of Gabapentin | 4223.47 nanograms/milliliter | Standard Deviation 1048.963 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Cmax of Gabapentin | 6106.90 nanograms/milliliter | Standard Deviation 1355.048 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Cmax of Gabapentin | 7373.15 nanograms/milliliter | Standard Deviation 1874.185 |
Secondary
Terminal Half-life of Gabapentin
Terminal half-life (t½) of gabapentin
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatment (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours)
Population: Pharmacokinetic population: all enrolled participants who received study medication and have pharmacokinetic data for the parameters of interest
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Terminal Half-life of Gabapentin | 7.69 Hours | Standard Deviation 2.496 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Terminal Half-life of Gabapentin | 13.83 Hours | Standard Deviation 12.988 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Terminal Half-life of Gabapentin | 14.43 Hours | Standard Deviation 11.13 |
Secondary
Tmax of Gabapentin
Time when the maximum concentration of gabapentin is reached
Time frame: Up to 72 hours after treatments (concentrations were measured at the following timepoints after each treatment for thisoutcome measure: 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 hours)
Population: Pharmacokinetic population: all enrolled participants who received study medication and have pharmacokinetic data for the parameters of interest
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Tmax of Gabapentin | 2.78 Hours |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Tmax of Gabapentin | 2.55 Hours |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Tmax of Gabapentin | 2.55 Hours |
Secondary
Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast])
Area under the effect-time profile from time 0 to the time of the last available data for the High visual analog scale which measures on a 100 mm visual analog scale the subject's response to the question I am feeling high where 0 =not at all and 100 =extremely. The minimum and maximum possible scores are 0 and approximately 7200 if a subject scores 0 mm (not at all) and 100 mm (extremely) respectively at every timepoint up to 72 hours.
Time frame: Up to 72 hours after treatments (Assessments were made at the following timepoints after each treatment: 0, 0.25, 0.5,1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours)
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 15.06 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 5.993 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 250.38 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 40.596 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 83.08 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 23.583 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 112.74 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 39.041 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Area Under the Effect-time Profile From Time 0 to the Time of the Last Quantifiable Concentration [AUEClast]) | 109.07 units on a scale * hour | Standard Error 24.6 |
p-value: 0.010390% CI: [23.75, 174.4]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.011690% CI: [22.05, 172.4]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.000190% CI: [-244, -93.4]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.083490% CI: [-8.86, 141.5]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.000590% CI: [-211, -60.7]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.000490% CI: [-213, -62.2]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax)
Maximum effect on the 100 mm visual analog scale for the question I am feeling high where 0 = not at all and 100 =extremely
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatments
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | 5.80 Score on a scale | Standard Error 2.272 |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | 61.56 Score on a scale | Standard Error 5.056 |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | 23.02 Score on a scale | Standard Error 4.351 |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | 26.93 Score on a scale | Standard Error 4.717 |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Maximum Effect, Emax) | 27.66 Score on a scale | Standard Error 4.753 |
p-value: <0.0001Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.001690% CI: [6.61, 27.74]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: 0.000190% CI: [10.79, 31.96]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.000190% CI: [11.92, 33.07]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.000190% CI: [-49.1, -28.1]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.000190% CI: [-44.9, -23.9]Mixed Models Analysis
p-value: <0.000190% CI: [-43.8, -22.7]Mixed Models Analysis
Secondary
Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax])
Time after dosing when the maximum effect for High VAS is reached
Time frame: up to 72 hours after treatments
Population: Modified completer population
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 0.20 Hours |
| Diazepam 20 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 1.96 Hours |
| Gabapentin 600 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 1.50 Hours |
| Gabapentin 1200 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 2.00 Hours |
| Gabapentin 1800 mg | Unipolar VAS for High (Time for Maximum Effect, Emax [TEmax]) | 2.50 Hours |