Maternal Behavior, Maternal-Fetal Relations
Conditions
Brief summary
To determine whether 3D models of fetus' face created from 3D ultrasound will increase maternal attachment and aid in smoking cessation. Half of participants will receive 3D model and half will receive a picture of 3D ultrasound of their baby
Interventions
BEHAVIORAL3D printed model
Mother is given 3D printed model of fetus' face
BEHAVIORALPlacebo
Mother is given a picture of 3D ultrasound of fetus
Sponsors
Creighton University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
3D ultrasound and picture of ultrasound or 3D ultrasound and printed model of fetal face
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
FEMALE
Age
19 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age - Female 19-45 years of age * Fluent in English * Currently smoking cigarettes * Currently pregnant (between 21- and 36-weeks' gestation) * Have normal 20-week ultrasound
Exclusion criteria
* Having received more than 3 ultrasounds prior to study * Medical need for additional ultrasounds * Multiple fetuses * \> 31 weeks gestation * Does not smoke cigarettes * Is not fluent in English
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) | 5 minutes | The MAAS is a 19 item questionnaire measuring maternal-fetal attachment. Each item has five answer choices scored from 1 low attachment to 5 high attachment such that the total score ranges from 19 to 95. The measure also includes two subscales: (1) Quality of Attachment has 10 items with a range of 10-50 and measures the quality of the mother's attachment to her fetus. (2) Time measures the time spent in attachment mode (or intensity of preoccupation) and consists of 8 items for a range of 8 to 40. (for clarity one item included in the total score is not included in either subscale.) |
| The Timeline Follow Back (TLFB): | 10 minutes | This semi-structured interview utilizes a calendar to aid in participants' recall of smoking throughout pregnancy. The TLFB method is the preferred approach to measure substance use and has shown reliability when used for pregnant women in previous studies |
| Salivary cotinine | 5 minutes | Cotinine is a stable nicotine metabolite produced by the liver. This is to test amount mother has smoked. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
Primary ContactJohn Cote, MD
Backup ContactCaroline A Nubel, BPS
Outcome results
None listed