Maternal Behavior, Maternal-Fetal Relations, Paternal Behavior
Conditions
Brief summary
To determine whether 3D models of fetus' face created from 3D ultrasound will increase maternal and paternal attachment, lower stress, anxiety and depression and have improved life-style choices during pregnancy. Half of participants will receive 3D model and half will receive a picture of 3D ultrasound of their baby.
Interventions
OTHER3D printed model
Mother or Mother/Father is given 3D printed model of fetus' face
OTHERPlacebo
Mother or Mother/Father is given a picture of 3D ultrasound of fetus
Sponsors
Creighton University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
3D ultrasound and picture of ultrasound or 3D ultrasound and printed model of fetal face
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to 45 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Age - Female 19-45 years of age; Male \> 19 years of age * Currently pregnant (\< 32 weeks gestation) * Have normal 20-week ultrasound
Exclusion criteria
* Having received more than 3 ultrasounds prior to study * Medical need for additional ultrasounds * Multiple fetuses * \> 31 weeks gestation
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) | 5 minutes | The MAAS is a 19 item questionnaire measuring maternal-fetal attachment. Each item has five answer choices scored from 1 low attachment to 5 high attachment such that the total score ranges from 19 to 95. The measure also includes two subscales: (1) Quality of Attachment has 10 items with a range of 10-50 and measures the quality of the mother's attachment to her fetus. (2) Time measures the time spent in attachment mode (or intensity of preoccupation) and consists of 8 items for a range of 8 to 40. (for clarity one item included in the total score is not included in either subscale.) |
| Paternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (PAAS) | 5 minutes | The PAAS is a 16 item questionnaire measuring paternal-fetal attachment. Each item has five answer choices scored from 1 low attachment to 5 high attachment such that the total score ranges from 19 to 95. The measure also includes two subscales: (1) Quality of Attachment has 10 items with a range of 10-50 and measures the quality of the mother's attachment to her fetus. (2) Time measures the time spent in attachment mode (or intensity of preoccupation) and consists of 8 items for a range of 8 to 40. (for clarity one item included in the total score is not included in either subscale.) |
| Maternal anxiety | 3 minutes | 7-question Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) will be administered |
| Paternal depression | 3 minutes | 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) will be administered |
| Maternal depression | 3 minutes | 9-question Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) will be administered |
| Paternal anxiety | 3 minutes | 7-question Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) will be administered |
| Maternal stress | 3 minutes | 11-question Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised (PRAQ-R2) will be administered. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed