Covid19
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics (PK), and explore the mechanistic and clinical effect of alvelestat (an oral neutrophil elastase inhibitor) orally twice per day for 10 days added to standard of care in adult patients (≥18 years) with COVID-19 respiratory disease.
Interventions
DRUGAlvelestat
oral tablet
DRUGPlacebo
oral tablet
Sponsors
Mereo BioPharma
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
QUADRUPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Male or Female * Age ≥18 years * Proven SARS-Cov-2 infection (confirmed by PCR from a nasopharyngeal or lower respiratory tract sample) * A score of Grade 3 to 5 on the WHO 9-point Ordinal Scale * Male participants must agree to use a highly effective contraception during the treatment period and for at least 4 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period. * Female participants are eligible to participate if not pregnant; not breastfeeding; and at least one of the following conditions is met: Not a woman of childbearing potential OR A woman of childbearing potential who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment phase and for at least 4 days after the last dose of study medication - Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes a commitment to comply with the requirements and restrictions listed in the informed consent form (ICF) and within this protocol.
Exclusion criteria
* Patients who have previously had a score of 6 or 7 on the WHO 9-point Ordinal Scale * Patients who require support with invasive mechanical ventilation at the time of inclusion, or expected to be required within 24 hours of randomization * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) OR aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \>2 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) OR Total Bilirubin \> ULN. In patients with a documented history of Gilbert's Syndrome AND baseline total bilirubin elevation consistent with an exacerbation of Gilbert's Syndrome (i.e. no other cause of total bilirubin elevation), subjects may enroll if total bilirubin is \< 5x ULN. * Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, esophageal varices, ascites or hepatic encephalopathy * Chronic liver diseases such as autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cholangitis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson's disease, haemochromatosis * Significant renal disease or infection (as determined by the Investigator) including stage 4 chronic kidney disease or estimated glomerular filtration rate \<60mL/min * Absolute neutrophil count ≤ 1000/µL at screening * Myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack or stroke within 3 months prior to the first dose * Current unstable angina or congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association III/IV) * Screening 12-lead EKG with a measurable QTc interval according to Fridericia correction (QTcF) \>450 ms * Anticipated transfer to another hospital that is not the study center within 24 hours * Allergy to study medication or excipients * Inability to swallow tablets * Other documented comorbidities or laboratory abnormalities that in the opinion of the Investigator could affect the outcome of the study assessments, participant safety, or ability of the participant to comply with the requirements of the protocol * Any patient whose interests are not best served by study participation, as determined by the Investigator Excluded Prior/Concomitant Therapy * Requirement for medications mainly metabolized by CYP2C9 and with narrow therapeutic index (eg, warfarin, phenytoin) is prohibited unless therapeutic monitoring available for duration of alvelestat dosing * Medicines that are potent CYP3A4 inhibitors including (but are not limited to) clarithromycin, diltiazem, erythromycin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, ritonavir, verapamil and potent inducers including but not limited to phenobarbital, phenytoin and rifampicin, will be exclusionary * Requirement for medications substantially reliant on OATP1B1 for metabolism where discontinuation during study drug administration is not possible or where fluctuations in levels are considered clinically important (as per investigator judgement) and cannot be clinically monitored (e.g., statins, valsartan, olmesartan, enalapril, repaglinide) Excluded Prior/Concurrent Clinical Study Experience \- Participation in any clinical investigation using investigational treatments within 4 weeks or 5 half-lives of the drug (whichever is longer) prior to the initial dosing (or longer if required by local regulations) is prohibited. Use of remdesivir (Veklury) under the conditions of the authorization for emergency use in the US, and per manufacturer's instructions, is permitted.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Numbers and % of Subjects Who Experience at Least 1 Treatment-emergent Adverse Event | to day 60 | Safety Outcome Assessment |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter. | Change in blood markers of NETosis |
| Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter. | Change in blood markers of inflammation |
| Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of D-dimer | Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter. | Change in blood markers of d-dimer |
| Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Desmosine | Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter. | Change in blood markers of desmosine |
| Mortality Rate | to Day 90 | — |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Placebo placebo
Placebo: oral tablet | 7 |
| Alvelestat MPH966
Alvelestat: oral tablet | 8 |
| Total | 15 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Alvelestat | Total | Placebo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 42 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 23.9 | 47.8 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.3 | 54.4 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 14.3 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 4 Participants | 7 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants | 10 Participants | 4 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 7 | 0 / 8 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 4 / 7 | 5 / 8 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 7 | 1 / 8 |
Outcome results
Primary
Numbers and % of Subjects Who Experience at Least 1 Treatment-emergent Adverse Event
Safety Outcome Assessment
Time frame: to day 60
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Numbers and % of Subjects Who Experience at Least 1 Treatment-emergent Adverse Event | 3 Participants |
| Alvelestat | Numbers and % of Subjects Who Experience at Least 1 Treatment-emergent Adverse Event | 5 Participants |
Secondary
Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of D-dimer
Change in blood markers of d-dimer
Time frame: Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of D-dimer | -0.08 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of D-dimer | -1.92 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 2.89 |
Secondary
Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Desmosine
Change in blood markers of desmosine
Time frame: Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Desmosine | -0.04 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Desmosine | 0.54 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.67 |
Secondary
Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation
Change in blood markers of inflammation
Time frame: Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-1b | -1.37 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-6 | 0.14 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 2.37 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-8 | 0.56 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | TNFa | 0.61 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | TNFa | -0.19 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-1b | 0.06 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-8 | -0.45 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of Inflammation | IL-6 | -1.61 log2(pg/ml) | Standard Deviation 2.16 |
Secondary
Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis
Change in blood markers of NETosis
Time frame: Randomization through Day 10 or hospital discharge, whichever was shorter.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | Cell-free DNA | -1.35 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 2.66 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | Citrullinated histone H3 | -.43 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | MPO-DNA | -.45 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Placebo | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | MPO | -.39 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 2.19 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | MPO | .01 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | Cell-free DNA | 0.16 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.38 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | MPO-DNA | .53 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 0.48 |
| Alvelestat | Effect of Alvelestat on Blood Pharmacodynamic Biomarkers of NETosis | Citrullinated histone H3 | .73 log2(ng/ml) | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
Secondary
Mortality Rate
Time frame: to Day 90
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Mortality Rate | 0 Participants |
| Alvelestat | Mortality Rate | 0 Participants |