Alzheimer Disease, Caregiver Stress Syndrome
Conditions
Keywords
Alzheimer Disease, Dementia, Caregiving, Smart Health Technology
Brief summary
The purpose of this project is to develop a monitoring, modeling, and interactive recommendation solution (for caregivers) for in-home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver-patient relationships. This includes monitoring for mood and stress and analyzing the significance of monitoring those attributes to dementia patient care and subsequent behavior dynamics between the patient and caregiver. In addition, novel and adaptive behavioral suggestions at the right moments aims at helping improve familial interactions related to caregiving, which over time should ameliorate the stressful effects of the patient's illness and reduce strain on caregivers. The technical solution consists of a core set of statistical learning based techniques for automated generation of specialized modules required by in-home dementia patient care. There are three main technical components in the solution. The first obtains textual content and prosody from voice and uses advanced machine learning techniques to create classification models. This approach not only monitors patients' behavior, but also caregivers', and infers the underlying dynamics of their interactions, such as changes in mood and stress. The second is the automated creation of classifiers and inference modules tailored to the particular patients and dementia conditions (such as different stages of dementia). The third is an adaptive recommendation system that closes the loop of an in-home behavior monitoring system.
Detailed description
The purpose of this project is to develop a monitoring, modeling, and interactive recommendation solution (for caregivers) for in-home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver-patient relationships. This includes monitoring for mood and stress and analyzing the significance of monitoring those attributes to dementia patient care and subsequent behavior dynamics between the patient and caregiver. In addition, novel and adaptive behavioral suggestions will be provided to family caregivers via text messages on project Smart phones at the right moments aimed to help improve familial interactions related to caregiving, which over time should ameliorate the stressful effects of the patient's illness and reduce strain on caregivers. The technical solution consists of a core set of statistical learning based techniques for automated generation of specialized modules required by in-home dementia patient care. There are three main technical components in the solution. - The first obtains textual content and prosody from voice and uses advanced machine learning techniques to create classification models. This approach not only monitors patients' behavior, but also caregivers', and infers the underlying dynamics of their interactions, such as changes in mood and stress. - The second is the automated creation of classifiers and inference modules tailored to the particular patients and dementia conditions (such as different stages of dementia). - The third is an adaptive recommendation system that closes the loop of an in-home behavior monitoring system.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALMood Monitoring and Behavioral Recommendation System
The purpose of this project is to develop a monitoring, modeling, and interactive recommendation solution (for caregivers) for in-home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver-patient relationships. This includes monitoring for mood and stress and analyzing the significance of monitoring those attributes to dementia patient care and subsequent behavior dynamics between the patient and caregiver. In addition, novel and adaptive behavioral suggestions will be provided to family caregivers via text messages on project Smart phones at the right moments aimed to help improve familial interactions related to caregiving, which over time should ameliorate the stressful effects of the patient's illness and reduce strain on caregivers.
Sponsors
University of Virginia
The University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Ohio State University
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
Longitudinal descriptive
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
21 Years to 99 Years
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
for persons with dementia: * Females and males * Age 60-90 years * Physician documentation of dementia: Alzheimer's disease, vascular, mixed or unspecified type * Community-dwelling (living in the home) * Fluent in English Inclusion criteria for family caregivers: * Age 21 years or older * Informal, unpaid caregiver who resides with the care recipient * Fluent in English * Functioning home Wifi * Scoring above a 3 on the Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist, a clinical cut-off point used to determine caregiver stress.
Exclusion criteria
for persons with dementia: * Presence of acute illness as this could lead to delirium * Alcohol abuse or dependence within the past 2 years (DSM-IV criteria) * History of significant psychiatric illness (e.g., schizophrenia).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | Baseline, 4 months | The DASS is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress in 3 subscales of 14 items each. The scores of each subscale range from 0-42. These subscales are scored by the addition of the total item scores. Total score is obtained by summing all subscores. Total minimum score: 0; Total maximum score: 126; A higher score indicates higher levels of emotional distress, depression, anxiety and stress. Total: Normal - 0-32; Mild - 33-39; Moderate - 40-49; Severe - 50-57; Extremely severe - 58+ Depression: Normal - 0-9; Mild -10-12; Moderate -13-20; Severe - 21-27; Extremely severe - 28-42 Anxiety: Normal - 0-6; Mild - 7-9; Moderate -10-14; Severe -15-19; Extremely severe - 20-42 Stress: Normal - 0-10; Mild - 11-18; Moderate -19-26; Severe - 27-34; Extremely severe - 35-42 |
| Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Baseline, 4 months | RMBPC 24-item, caregiver-report of observable behavioral problems in dementia patients AND the caregiver's stress reactions to these disturbances. It provides a total score and 3 subscale scores (memory, depression, and disruptive behaviors) and scores for caregiver reactions. Score ranges - Frequency: Total 0-96; Disruptive 0-32; Depressive 0-36; Memory 0-24. Sum items with scores of 0 to 4 on subscales and total. If question score is 9, exclude it from the sum and item count. Sum items for each subscale, compute the mean item score for each subscale by dividing by the number of items included in the sum. Score ranges - Reaction Total 1-96; Disruptive 1-36; Depressive 1-36; Memory 1-24. Include only items with frequency scores of 1 to 4 in the reaction scoring. Compute the mean reaction score by summing reaction scores of these items and then dividing by the number of items included in the sum. A higher score indicates worse outcomes. |
| Change in Caregiver Emotional Reactivity | Baseline, 4 months | The 16-item, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16) will be used to measure caregivers' ability to regulate emotions at baseline and end of study. The scale used is the brief version of a theoretically-driven, valid, and reliable self-report tool used to measure difficulties with emotion regulation. The brief version will be more easily administered with the study population and has been shown to be valid and reliable \[41\]. Minimum score: 16; Maximum score: 80. A higher score indicates higher levels of caregiver emotional reactivity. |
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Baseline, 4 months | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire 39-item to measure capacity for five different domains of mindfulness practice at baseline and end of study. The five facets include non-reactivity to the inner experience, non-judgment of the inner experience, acting with awareness, observing, and describing internal states. All items are scored with a scale of 1-5. Some items are marked to be reverse scored. All items are scored and summed then divided by the total in each category by the number of items in that category to get an average category score. Each category is summed to calculate the Total then divided by the number of items to get an average item score for each subscale. A higher score indicates higher levels of caregiver capacity for mindfulness practices and better outcomes. Score ranges: Total 1-5; Observing 1-5; Describing 1- 5; Acting with Awareness 1-5; Non-judging 1-5; Nonreactivity 1-5 |
| Change in Caregiver Strain | Baseline, 4 months | Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI): It is a 13-item self-report measure that examines both subjective and objective elements of caregiver strain. The MCSI showed excellent inter-item and test-retest reliability and was correlated in expected directions with relevant criteria \[32\]. It has excellent reliability and validity, displays adequate clinical sensitivity, has an established cut-off for determining functional/dysfunctional systems, and has been used successfully on a variety of mental health outcomes \[28\]. We will use a practice tracking worksheet to assess how much the caregivers practice the exercises over the course of the study. Minimum score: 0; Maximum score: 26. High scores indicates higher caregiver strain. |
| Family Assessment Device (FAD) | Baseline, 4 months | The FAD is a self-report measure that is given as a set of seven subscales measuring a different dimension of family function. Scores for each dimension (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning) are calculated separately as the mean of the items in that subscale. Scored by summing the endorsed responses (1-4) for each subscale (negatively worded statements are reversed) and dividing by the number of items in each scale. A higher score indicates greater levels of family functioning on all subscales Score Ranges: Total 1-4; Problem Solving 1-5; Communication 1-4; Roles 1-4; Affective Responsiveness 1-6; Affective Involvement 1-7; Behavior Control 1-4; General Functioning 1-4 |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Participants were recruited from a Memory Care Clinic at a large Midwestern academic institution, through social media and self-referral from January 2021 through December 2023.
Pre-assignment details
11 participant dyads (total of 22 participants) completed baseline data collection. 1 dyad withdrew from the study after completing baseline data collection, but did not complete the intervention. While all participants were part of a dyad, only caregiver participants completed surveys and are included in the baseline characteristics data and outcome measures. Baseline Characteristics were not collected for patient participants.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Dementia/Caregiver Dyad All dementia/caregiver dyads will have in-home acoustic monitoring to classify mood and will be provided mindfulness-based stress reduction recommendations via a smart phone.
Mood Monitoring and Behavioral Recommendation System: The purpose of this project is to develop a monitoring, modeling, and interactive recommendation solution (for caregivers) for in-home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver-patient relationships. This includes monitoring for mood and stress and analyzing the significance of monitoring those attributes to dementia patient care and subsequent behavior dynamics between the patient and caregiver. In addition, novel and adaptive behavioral suggestions will be provided to family caregivers via text messages on project Smart phones at the right moments aimed to help improve familial interactions related to caregiving, which over time should ameliorate the stressful effects of the patient's illness and reduce strain on caregivers. | 11 |
| Total | 11 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Dementia/Caregiver Dyad |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 60.09 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 13.52 |
| Caregiver duration | 34.82 months STANDARD_DEVIATION 20.26 |
| Caregiving hours/day | 21.18 hours/day STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.37 |
| Education Level - Above High School | 11 participants |
| Employed outside of home | 3 participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 10 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Married | 7 participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 9 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 11 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 8 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants |
| Veteran Status | 2 participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 22 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 22 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 22 |
Outcome results
Primary
Change in Caregiver Emotional Reactivity
The 16-item, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-16) will be used to measure caregivers' ability to regulate emotions at baseline and end of study. The scale used is the brief version of a theoretically-driven, valid, and reliable self-report tool used to measure difficulties with emotion regulation. The brief version will be more easily administered with the study population and has been shown to be valid and reliable \[41\]. Minimum score: 16; Maximum score: 80. A higher score indicates higher levels of caregiver emotional reactivity.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Change in Caregiver Emotional Reactivity | 30.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.85 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Change in Caregiver Emotional Reactivity | 34.3 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.7 |
p-value: 0.3857t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Change in Caregiver Strain
Modified Caregiver Strain Index (MCSI): It is a 13-item self-report measure that examines both subjective and objective elements of caregiver strain. The MCSI showed excellent inter-item and test-retest reliability and was correlated in expected directions with relevant criteria \[32\]. It has excellent reliability and validity, displays adequate clinical sensitivity, has an established cut-off for determining functional/dysfunctional systems, and has been used successfully on a variety of mental health outcomes \[28\]. We will use a practice tracking worksheet to assess how much the caregivers practice the exercises over the course of the study. Minimum score: 0; Maximum score: 26. High scores indicates higher caregiver strain.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Change in Caregiver Strain | 14.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.58 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Change in Caregiver Strain | 15.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.84 |
p-value: 0.5368t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS)
The DASS is a set of three self-report scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress in 3 subscales of 14 items each. The scores of each subscale range from 0-42. These subscales are scored by the addition of the total item scores. Total score is obtained by summing all subscores. Total minimum score: 0; Total maximum score: 126; A higher score indicates higher levels of emotional distress, depression, anxiety and stress. Total: Normal - 0-32; Mild - 33-39; Moderate - 40-49; Severe - 50-57; Extremely severe - 58+ Depression: Normal - 0-9; Mild -10-12; Moderate -13-20; Severe - 21-27; Extremely severe - 28-42 Anxiety: Normal - 0-6; Mild - 7-9; Moderate -10-14; Severe -15-19; Extremely severe - 20-42 Stress: Normal - 0-10; Mild - 11-18; Moderate -19-26; Severe - 27-34; Extremely severe - 35-42
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Depressive mood | 8.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.39 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Anxiety | 6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.25 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | Total | 26.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.46 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Stress | 12.18 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.31 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Stress | 12.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.74 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | Total | 29.10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 30.29 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Anxiety | 6.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.23 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) | DASS-Depressive mood | 10 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.35 |
Comparison: Total DASS score reported.p-value: 0.444t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Depressive Mood DASS score reportedp-value: 0.8378t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Anxiety DASS score reportedp-value: 0.4087t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Stress DASS score reportedp-value: 0.4124t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Family Assessment Device (FAD)
The FAD is a self-report measure that is given as a set of seven subscales measuring a different dimension of family function. Scores for each dimension (problem solving, communication, roles, affective responsiveness, affective involvement, behavior control, and general functioning) are calculated separately as the mean of the items in that subscale. Scored by summing the endorsed responses (1-4) for each subscale (negatively worded statements are reversed) and dividing by the number of items in each scale. A higher score indicates greater levels of family functioning on all subscales Score Ranges: Total 1-4; Problem Solving 1-5; Communication 1-4; Roles 1-4; Affective Responsiveness 1-6; Affective Involvement 1-7; Behavior Control 1-4; General Functioning 1-4
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD General Functioning | 2.05 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Total | 2.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.46 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Problem Solving | 2.15 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Communication | 2.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Roles | 2.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Affective Responsiveness | 2.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.62 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Affective Involvement | 2.08 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.43 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Behavior Control | 1.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Behavior Control | 1.91 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.52 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD General Functioning | 2.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Roles | 2.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.72 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Total | 2.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.59 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Affective Involvement | 2.20 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.59 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Problem Solving | 2.32 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Affective Responsiveness | 2.35 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Family Assessment Device (FAD) | FAD Communication | 2.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
Comparison: FAD Total reportedp-value: 0.2845t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Problem Solving is reportedp-value: 0.1386t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Communication is reportedp-value: 0.7551t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Roles is reportedp-value: 0.7213t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Affective Responsiveness is reportedp-value: 0.3233t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Affective Involvement is reportedp-value: 0.2832t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD Behavior Control is reportedp-value: 0.6831t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FAD General Functioning is reportedp-value: 0.6075t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire 39-item to measure capacity for five different domains of mindfulness practice at baseline and end of study. The five facets include non-reactivity to the inner experience, non-judgment of the inner experience, acting with awareness, observing, and describing internal states. All items are scored with a scale of 1-5. Some items are marked to be reverse scored. All items are scored and summed then divided by the total in each category by the number of items in that category to get an average category score. Each category is summed to calculate the Total then divided by the number of items to get an average item score for each subscale. A higher score indicates higher levels of caregiver capacity for mindfulness practices and better outcomes. Score ranges: Total 1-5; Observing 1-5; Describing 1- 5; Acting with Awareness 1-5; Non-judging 1-5; Nonreactivity 1-5
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Describing | 3.83 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.56 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Total | 3.48 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.58 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Observing | 3.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Acting with Awareness | 3.17 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.9 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Non-judging | 3.55 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.91 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Nonreactivity | 3.42 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Non-judging | 3.58 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.98 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Acting with Awareness | 3.23 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Total | 3.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.49 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Nonreactivity | 3.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Observing | 3.44 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | Describing | 3.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.61 |
Comparison: Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) total reportedp-value: 0.7213t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FFMQ Observing reportedp-value: 0.6075t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FFMQ Describing reportedp-value: 0.4136t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FFMQ Acting with Awareness reportedp-value: 0.8378t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FFMQ Nonjudging reportedp-value: 0.7193t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: FFMQ Nonreactivity reportedp-value: 0.4145t-test, 2 sided
Primary
Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC)
RMBPC 24-item, caregiver-report of observable behavioral problems in dementia patients AND the caregiver's stress reactions to these disturbances. It provides a total score and 3 subscale scores (memory, depression, and disruptive behaviors) and scores for caregiver reactions. Score ranges - Frequency: Total 0-96; Disruptive 0-32; Depressive 0-36; Memory 0-24. Sum items with scores of 0 to 4 on subscales and total. If question score is 9, exclude it from the sum and item count. Sum items for each subscale, compute the mean item score for each subscale by dividing by the number of items included in the sum. Score ranges - Reaction Total 1-96; Disruptive 1-36; Depressive 1-36; Memory 1-24. Include only items with frequency scores of 1 to 4 in the reaction scoring. Compute the mean reaction score by summing reaction scores of these items and then dividing by the number of items included in the sum. A higher score indicates worse outcomes.
Time frame: Baseline, 4 months
Population: There was 1 participant who did not complete the study.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Symptoms Total | 13.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.22 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Disruptive Symptoms | 3.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.6 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Depressive Symptoms | 3.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.59 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Memory Symptoms | 6.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Symptoms Total | 26.82 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.35 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Disruptive Symptoms | 9.45 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.5 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Depressive Symptoms | 7.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.26 |
| Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Memory Symptoms | 10.09 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 6 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Memory Symptoms | 9.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.19 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Symptoms Total | 10.9 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.47 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Symptoms Total | 19.6 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 21.9 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Disruptive Symptoms | 2.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.95 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Depressive Symptoms | 5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.41 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Depressive Symptoms | 2.1 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.38 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Reaction to Disruptive Symptoms | 5.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.53 |
| 4 Months Post Baseline - Dementia/Caregiver Dyad | Revised Memory and Behavior Problems Checklist (RMBPC) | Frequency of Memory Symptoms | 6.4 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.84 |
Comparison: Total RMBPC frequency reportedp-value: 0.0508t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Frequency of disruptive symptoms on RMBP reportedp-value: 0.026t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Frequency of depressive symptoms on RMBPC reportedp-value: 0.1861t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: Frequency of memory symptoms on RMBPC reportedp-value: 0.9535t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: RMBPC reaction total is reportedp-value: 0.0411t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: RMBPC reaction disruptive symptoms is reportedp-value: 0.0058t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: RMBPC reaction depressive symptoms is reportedp-value: 0.2527t-test, 2 sided
Comparison: RMBPC reaction memory symptomsp-value: 0.3542t-test, 2 sided