Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
Conditions
Keywords
Parkinson's disease, Cervical Spine, Postural Balance, Gait, Manual Therapies
Brief summary
Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease have balance and gait problems due to sensory and motor impairments. In the literature, there are lots of studies including various approaches for rehabilitation of these parameters such as sensory interventions, conservative treatments, neurophysiological approaches and motor imagery. However, taking into account of literature, there is no study investigating the effects on balance and gait of cervical mobilization by stimulating proprioceptors and vestibular receptors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the acute effect of cervical mobilization on balance and gait in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Detailed description
Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease have balance and gait problems due to sensory and motor impairments. In the literature, there are lots of studies including various approaches for rehabilitation of these parameters such as sensory interventions, conservative treatments, neurophysiological approaches and motor imagery. The posture of the cervical region is impaired by the findings of the disease such as rigidity, flexor posture and loss of axial rotation. Considering that the cervical region is rich in proprioceptors and one of the key points for the vestibular system, interventions to this area can be thought to contribute to postural control and gait. However, taking into account of literature, there is no study investigating the effects on balance and gait of cervical mobilization by stimulating proprioceptors and vestibular receptors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the acute effect of cervical mobilization on balance and gait in patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.
Interventions
Cervical mobilization techniques were applied in the study. Within the scope of application; rotation with traction, lateral gliding, anterior-posterior gliding with traction, bridging and stroking techniques to the paravertebral muscles were used. Mobilization were performed at grade A (mobilization in painless joint range) and grade B (continuous stretching at the end of the joint range). The mobilization were applied during 10 minutes. At the end of study all patients were received home-based exercise tailored to each individual's needs which include stretching, strengthening, balance and gait exercise and posture exercise
OTHERcontrol
There was no intervention in the control group during study. At the end of study all patients were received home-based exercise tailored to each individual's needs which include stretching, strengthening, balance and gait exercise and posture exercise
Sponsors
Hacettepe University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
randomized controlled
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
50 Years to 80 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Having been diagnosed with Idiopathic Parkinson's disease * Being between the ages of 50-80 * Patients scoring \>24 on Standardized Mini Mental State Examination * Modified Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-3 * No medication or dose changes during treatment * Not participating in the physiotherapy and rehabilitation program in the last 6 months * Volunteering to participate in the study
Exclusion criteria
* Vertebrobasilar insufficiency * Other neurological diseases * Postural hypotension, visual problems (which can not be compensated with the correct lens) or vestibular disorders that may affect balance * Cardiopulmonary diseases that may affect gait * Orthopedic problems (such as fracture, osteomyelitis, severe osteoporosis), advanced inflammatory arthritis, knee prothesis * Uncontrolled dyskinesia or motor fluctuation * Excessive use of alcohol or substance abuse * Anticoagulant therapy, blood clotting diseases * Long-term use of corticosteroids
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Static Posturography Assesment (NeuroCom® Balance Master® Systems) | Baseline and immediately after cervical mobilization | Posturography measures postural stability statically and dynamically. Device has lots of test parameters such as Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Integration on Balance Test, limits of stability, rhythmic weight shift, weight bearing squat, unilateral stance, sit to stand, walk across, tandem walk, step/quick turn, step up/over and forward lunge. In addition to assesment, exercise training can also be given by posturography. |
| Dynamic Gait Index | Baseline and immediately after cervical mobilization | It is a measurement tool that can be used to assess dynamic balance, gait, and risk for falls. Balance and walking pattern changes are scored during tasks such as changing gait speed, gait with vertical and horizontal head turns, pivot turn, step over obstacle, step around obstacles and climbing stairs. A four-point ordinal scale, ranging from 0-3. 0 indicates the lowest level of function and 3 the highest level of function.Total score is 24 for this scale. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Functional Reach Test | Baseline and immediately after cervical mobilization | It is used to evaluate dynamic equilibrium and anteroposterior stability. Test is performed with the participant in standing. It is the measure of the difference between arm's length with arms at 90° flexion and maximal forward reach. A score between 6-10 inches indicates a moderate risk for falls. |
| Clinical Test of Sensory Integration on Balance | Baseline and immediately after cervical mobilization | In this clinical test, which evaluates the static balance in the standing posture, there are 6 different parameters that are formed by a combination of three visual (eyes open, eyes closed and DOME) and two support surfaces (firm and foam floor). Oscillations are observed during the evaluation and it is expected to maintain each test position for 30 seconds |
| Tandem Stance Balance Test | Baseline and immediately after cervical mobilization | In the tandem position, a person places one foot in front of the other and tries to maintain its balance in this position. The stance time is recorded. |
Other
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| The Modified Hoehn and Yahr Scale | Baseline | It is used to describe the symptom progression of Parkinson disease. It was designed to be a descriptive staging scale to evaluate both disability and impairment related to clinical disease progression. It was originally published in 1967 and included stages 1 through 5. Since then, a modified Hoehn and Yahr scale was proposed with the addition of stages 1.5 and 2.5 to help describe the intermediate course of the disease. Modified Hoehn and Yahr Staging STAGE 0 = No signs of disease. STAGE 1 = Unilateral disease. STAGE 1.5 = Unilateral plus axial involvement. STAGE 2 = Bilateral disease, without impairment of balance. STAGE 2.5 = Mild bilateral disease, with recovery on pull test. STAGE 3 = Mild to moderate bilateral disease; some postural instability; physically independent. STAGE 4 = Severe disability; still able to walk or stand unassisted. STAGE 5 = Wheelchair bound or bedridden unless aided. |
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale | Baseline | It is used to evaluate the symptoms of the disease and complications related to treatment. In this scale consisting of 4 parts, the scoring of each item is between 0-4 points. (I = Mental state, behavior and mental state, II = Activities of daily living, III = Motor examination, IV = Treatment complications). Parts I to III are scored on a 0-4 rating scale. Part IV is scored with yes and no ratings. Higher scores indicate increased severity. |
| Mini-Mental State Examination | Baseline | The Mini-Mental Status Examination offers a quick and simple way to quantify cognitive function and screen for cognitive loss.It tests the individual's orientation, attention, calculation, recall, language and motor skills. Each section of the test involves a related series of questions or commands. The individual receives one point for each correct answer. To give the examination, seat the individual in a quiet, well-lit room. Ask him/her to listen carefully and to answer each question as accurately as he/she can. Don't time the test but score it right away. To score, add the number of correct responses. The individual can receive a maximum score of 30 points. A score below 20 usually indicates cognitive impairment. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed