Obesity
Conditions
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to examine patterns of neural activation in a priori selected brain regions associated with reward process during anticipation and delivery of appetizing food stimuli (milkshake sips) among young adults.
Detailed description
This observational trial seeks to examine neural activation patterns in a food reward sensitivity task. The study uses the milkshake MRI task to assess individual food reward sensitivity in a sample of young adult participants. Participants are presented with a series of trials in which a visual cue is provided (either a glass of milkshake or water), followed by delivery of a sip of the corresponding liquid. Activation in a priori regions associated with reward processing is measured via blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal, both in response to the cue and actual delivery of the sip. Explicating patterns of reward processing for appetizing food stimuli holds potential to inform understanding of the neural underpinnings of obesity risk.
Interventions
OTHERMilkshake fMRI
While in the MRI scanner, the participant is shown a cue indicating the impending delivery of either milkshake or tasteless solution, followed by a brief blank screen, then delivery of the sip, and then a swallow cue. This procedure is repeated throughout the task.
Sponsors
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK)
Stanford University
University of Utah
Gretchen Swanson Center for Nutrition
Wayne State University
University of Nebraska Lincoln
Study design
Allocation
NA
Intervention model
SINGLE_GROUP
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
All participants complete the same fMRI protocol which includes delivery of appetizing taste stimuli and tasteless stimuli while in the scanner.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
19 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Age 19 years or older * Previous participation in the Preschool Problem Solving Study OR lived in Lancaster County, NE for at least part of high school
Exclusion criteria
* Contraindications for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI): * metal in body * pregnancy * braces * non-removal piercings * hair extensions * As of 8/13/21, for individuals who were not in the Preschool Problem Solving Study but are invited to participate in the current study because they lived in Lancaster County for at least part of high school, the maximum age for eligibility is 20 years of age.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Caudate Activation for Sip Cue | 7 seconds after cue is presented | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the caudate for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip. |
| Putamen Activation for Sip Cue | 7 seconds after cue is presented | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the putamen for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip. |
| Insula Activation for Sip Cue | 7 seconds after cue is presented | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the insula for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip. |
| Caudate Activation for Sip Delivery | 7 seconds after delivery of sip | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the caudate for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip. |
| Putamen Activation for Sip Delivery | 7 seconds after delivery of sip | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the putamen for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip. |
| Insula Activation for Sip Delivery | 7 seconds after delivery of sip | MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the insula for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| fMRI Milkshake Task Participants are delivered sips of appetizing tastes (milkshake) and tasteless solution throughout the task while in the MRI scanner.
Milkshake fMRI: While in the MRI scanner, the participant is shown a cue indicating the impending delivery of either milkshake or tasteless solution, followed by a brief blank screen, then delivery of the sip, and then a swallow cue. This procedure is repeated throughout the task. | 187 |
| Total | 187 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | fMRI Milkshake Task |
|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 187 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 21 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 162 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 4 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 17 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 24 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 133 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 187 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 113 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 74 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk |
|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 187 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 187 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 187 |
Outcome results
Primary
Caudate Activation for Sip Cue
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the caudate for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after cue is presented
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Caudate Activation for Sip Cue | -0.026264341 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.261413915 |
Primary
Caudate Activation for Sip Delivery
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the caudate for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after delivery of sip
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Caudate Activation for Sip Delivery | -0.01520067 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.269324341 |
Primary
Insula Activation for Sip Cue
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the insula for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after cue is presented
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Insula Activation for Sip Cue | -0.058804599 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.1660244 |
Primary
Insula Activation for Sip Delivery
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the insula for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after delivery of sip
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Insula Activation for Sip Delivery | 0.084583225 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.173758221 |
Primary
Putamen Activation for Sip Cue
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the putamen for all milkshake cue trials versus all tasteless solution cue trials (milkshake\>tasteless) after receiving the cue but before the delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after cue is presented
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Putamen Activation for Sip Cue | -0.020653429 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.23259893 |
Primary
Putamen Activation for Sip Delivery
MRI blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity signal in the putamen for all milkshake trials versus all tasteless solution trials (milkshake\>tasteless) upon delivery of the actual sip.
Time frame: 7 seconds after delivery of sip
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| fMRI | Putamen Activation for Sip Delivery | -0.010750489 activation beta value | Standard Deviation 0.211345119 |