The Psychosocial Outcomes in Caregivers of Children With Food Allergy

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety item banks assess self-reported fear (fearfulness, panic), anxious misery (worry, dread), hyperarousal (tension, nervousness, restlessness), and somatic symptoms related to arousal (racing heart, dizziness). The anxiety measure is universal rather than disease-specific. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety; lower scores indicate lower levels of anxiety. Six items are rated on a 5 point scale that assess caregiver anxiety; 1=Never to 5=Always. To find the total raw score, sum the values of the response to each question. Higher scores indicate a greater severity in anxiety. Scores less than 55 are within normal limits, 55-60 are mild, 60-70 are moderate, and greater than 70 are severe. The raw score is converted to a T-score ranging from 31.7 to 76.1. 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10. Higher T-scores indicate greater anxiety disturbance.

Time frame: 30 days

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Anxiety item assess self-reported fear (fearfulness, panic), anxious misery (worry, dread), hyperarousal (tension, nervousness, restlessness), and somatic symptoms related to arousal (racing heart, dizziness) . The anxiety measure is universal rather than disease-specific. Higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety; lower scores indicate lower levels of anxiety. Six items are rated on a 5 point scale that assess caregiver anxiety; 1=Never to 5=Always. To find the total raw score, sum the values of the response to each question. Higher scores indicate a greater severity in anxiety. Scores less than 55 are within normal limits, 55-60 are mild, 60-70 are moderate, and greater than 70 are severe. The raw score is converted to a T-score ranging from 31.7 to 76.1, 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10 Higher T-scores indicate greater anxiety disturbance.

Time frame: 4 months

Food Allergy Self Efficacy Scale for Parents (FASE-P) The FASE-P measures parental confidence in their ability to manage their child's FA. Subdomains include managing social activities, precaution and prevention, allergic treatment, food allergen identification, and seeking information about FA. Each item is rated from 0-100 and a mean score is calculated. Higher scores indicate greater FA-related self-efficacy. The FASE-P offers excellent reliability over time in a general FA population.

Time frame: 4 months

Food Allergy Self Efficacy Scale for Parents (FASE-P) The FASE-P measures parental confidence in their ability to manage their child's FA. Subdomains include managing social activities, precaution and prevention, allergic treatment, food allergen identification, and seeking information about FA. Each item is rated from 0-100 and a mean score is calculated. Higher scores indicate greater FA-related self-efficacy. The FASE-P offers excellent reliability over time in a general FA population.

Time frame: 30 days

The FAQL-PB is a 17-item questionnaire designed to capture caregiver HRQoL in children ages 0-12 years with FA. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (0=not limited/troubled to 6=extremely limited/troubled); a mean score is calculated with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL.

Time frame: Baseline and 30 days

The FAQL-PB is a 17-item questionnaire designed to capture caregiver HRQoL in children ages 0-12 years with FA. Items are rated on a 7-point Likert scale (0=not limited/troubled to 6=extremely limited/troubled); a mean score is calculated with higher scores indicating poorer HRQoL.

Time frame: Baseline and 4 months

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression item banks assess self-reported negative mood (sadness, guilt), views of self (self-criticism, worthlessness), and social cognition (loneliness, interpersonal alienation), as well as decreased positive affect and engagement (loss of interest, meaning, and purpose). Higher scores indicate negative mood; lower scores indicate more positive mode. Six items are rated on a 5 point scale that assess caregiver depression; 1=Never to 5=Always. To find the total raw score, sum the values of the response to each question. Higher scores indicate greater severity in depression. Scores less than 55 are within normal limits, 55-60 are mild, 60-70 are moderate, and greater than 70 are severe. T-score range 38 to 81; 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10; minimally important difference greater than or equal to 3 points; higher scores indicate worse outcome.

Time frame: 4 months

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Depression item banks assess self-reported negative mood (sadness, guilt), views of self (self-criticism, worthlessness), and social cognition (loneliness, interpersonal alienation), as well as decreased positive affect and engagement (loss of interest, meaning, and purpose). Higher scores indicate negative mood; lower scores indicate more positive mode. Six items are rated on a 5 point scale that assess caregiver depression; 1=Never to 5=Always. To find the total raw score, sum the values of the response to each question. Higher scores indicate greater severity in depression. Scores less than 55 are within normal limits, 55-60 are mild, 60-70 are moderate, and greater than 70 are severe. T-score range 38 to 81; 50 indicates the population mean with a standard deviation of 10; minimally important difference greater than or equal to 3 points; higher scores indicate worse outcome.

Time frame: 30 days

The PROMISED Interference (Short Form 6a) instrument measures the self-reported consequences of fatigue across aspects of life including social, cognitive, emotional, physical and recreational activities; this instrument refers to the past seven days. This validated scale has five response options, with scores ranging from one to five. Scores are converted to t-scores, and higher t-scores indicate greater pain interference. Higher scores represent greater degrees of fatigue. Scores \<55 within normal limits, 55-60 mild, 61-70 moderate, \>70 severe fatigue. Fatigue T-scores measured by PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 6a. This 6-item instrument assesses a patient's a patient's level of fatigue over a 7-day recall period. Respondents report fatigue on a 5-point scale: 1=Not at all, 2=A little bit, 3=Somewhat, 4=Quite a bit, 5=Very much. In the general population, T-scores have a mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and range from 33.4 to 76.8. Lower T-scores represent better outcomes.

Time frame: 30 days

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Fatigue item banks assess a range of self-reported symptoms, from mild subjective feelings of tiredness to an overwhelming, debilitating, and sustained sense of exhaustion that likely decreases one's ability to execute daily activities and function normally in family or social roles. Scores \<55 within normal limits, 55-60 mild, 61-70 moderate, \>70 severe fatigue. Fatigue T-scores measured by PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 6a. This 6-item instrument assesses a patient's a patient's level of fatigue over a 7-day recall period. Respondents report fatigue on a 5-point scale: 1=Not at all, 2=A little bit, 3=Somewhat, 4=Quite a bit, 5=Very much. In the general population, T-scores have a mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and range from 33.4 to 76.8. Lower T-scores represent better outcomes.

Time frame: 4 months

Change in mean sleep disturbance score measured with PROMIS Sleep Disturbance short form 6a, 6 individual items allow for different responses which are scored separately to provide specific information about self-reported perceptions of sleep quality, sleep depth, and restoration associated with sleep. The lowest possible raw score is 6; the highest possible raw score is 30. Raw summed scores are converted to T-score values that are standardized such that 50 represents the average (mean) for the US general population, and a standard deviation of 10 points. A higher T-score represents more of the concept being measured, meaning the higher above 50 the worse or the greater the individual's sleep is disturbed compared to individuals with chronic conditions. Scores \<55 within normal limits, 55-60 mild, 61-70 moderate, \>70 severe sleep disturbance.

Time frame: 30 days

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance instruments assess self-reported perceptions of sleep quality, sleep depth, and restoration associated with sleep. This includes perceived difficulties and concerns with getting to sleep or staying asleep, as well as perceptions of the adequacy of and satisfaction with sleep. A low score indicates low sleep disturbance; high score indicates high sleep disturbance. Scores less than 55 are within normal limits, 55-60 are mild, 60-70 are moderate, and greater than 70 are severe. Raw scores on the survey are converted to T scores, which are standardized scores based on the average in the population; a score of 50 would indicate meeting the T score for the average quality of sleep in the reference general population, with a standard deviation of 10. Higher T scores reflect greater sleep disturbance, and thus worse outcomes. The means reported are the mean T scores at the indicated timepoint.

Time frame: 4 months