Engagement, Patient
Conditions
Keywords
Digital Mental Health
Brief summary
This proposal is a partnership between Mental Health America (MHA), a nonprofit mental health advocacy and resource organization, Talkspace (TS), a for-profit, online digital psychotherapy organization, and the University of Washington's Schools of Medicine and Computer Science Engineering (UW). The purpose of this partnership is to create a digital mental health research platform leveraging MHA and TS's marketing platforms and consumer base to describe the characteristics of optimal engagement with digital mental health treatment, and to identify effective, personalized methods to enhance motivation to engage in digital mental health treatment in order to improve mental health outcomes. These aims will be met by identifying and following at least 100,000 MHA and TS consumers over the next 4 years, apply machine learning approaches to characterizing client engagement subtypes, and apply micro-randomized trials to study the effectiveness of motivational enhancement strategies and response to digital mental health treatment.
Detailed description
Digital mental health (DMH) is the use of technology to improve population well-being through rapid disease detection, outcome measurement, and care. Although several randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that digital mental health tools are highly effective, most consumers do not sustain their use of these tools. The field currently lacks an understanding of DMH tool engagement, how engagement is associated with well-being, and what practices are effective at sustaining engagement. In this partnership between Mental Health America (MHA), Talkspace (TS), and the University of Washington (UW), the investigators propose a naturalistic and experimental, theory-driven program of research, with the aim of understanding 1) how consumer engagement in self-help and clinician assisted DMH varies and what engagement patterns exist, 2) the association between patterns of engagement and important consumer outcomes, and 3) the effectiveness of personalized strategies for optimal engagement with DMH treatment. This study will prospectively follow a large, naturalistic sample of MHA and TS consumers, and will apply machine learning, user-centered design strategies, and micro randomized and sequential multiple assignment randomized trials (SMART) to address these aims. As is usual practice for both platforms, consumers will complete online mental health screening and assessment, and the investigators will be able to classify participants by disease status and symptom severity. The sample that the investigators will be working with will not be limited by diagnosis or co-morbidities. Participants will enter the MHA and TS platforms prospectively over 4 years. For aim 1, participant data will be analyzed statistically to reveal differences in engagement and dropout across groups based on demographics, symptoms and platform activity. For aim 2, the investigators will use supervised machine learning techniques to identify subtypes based on consumer demographics, engagement patterns with DMH, reasons for disengagement, success of existing MHA and TS engagement strategies, and satisfaction with the DMH tools, that are predictive of future engagement patterns. Finally, based on the outcomes from aim 2, in aim 3a the investigators will conduct focus groups applying user centered design strategies to identify and co-build potentially effective engagement strategies for particular client subtypes. The investigators will then conduct a series of micro-randomized and SMART trials to determine which theory-driven engagement strategies, co-designed with users, have the greatest fit with subtypes developed under aim 2. The investigators will test the effectiveness of these strategies to 1) prevent disengagement from those who are more likely to have poor outcomes after disengagement, 2) improve movement from motivation to volition and, 3) enhance optimal dose of DMH engagement and consequently improve mental health outcomes. These data will be analyzed using longitudinal mixed effects models with effect coding to estimate the effectiveness of each strategy on client engagement behavior and mental health outcomes. The purpose of aim 3b is to identify effective engagement strategies tailored to client needs and demographics to increase MHA website engagement, and to better understand how self-help mental health resources can help people overcome negative thinking and support healthier thought processes. The investigators will compare effective engagement strategies tailored to subtypes developed under aim 2 to study the mediated impact of engagement strategies on consumer mental health outcomes. The study team will determine if engagement strategies targeted to consumer engagement subtype will enhance engagement and in turn result in improved clinical outcomes. These will be compared to generic strategies that are not subtype targeted. All aim 3b activities will occur with MHA, broken down into two parts: (Study 1) a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial (SMART) and (Study 2) a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool longitudinal randomized control trial (RCT). Study 1 will use a SMART to examine methods to optimize engagement with MHA's website, and Study 2 will recruit participants for a longitudinal month-long study where they are randomly assigned to a control group, the use of a DIY tool without Artificial Intelligence (AI), or the use of a DIY tool with AI to examine the efficacy of using a digital tool to improve mental health functioning. An AI tool that uses machine learning/Natural Language Processing (NLP)/AI methods was developed to personalize and tailor an intervention to improve engagement and completion outcomes. The study focuses on a specific, popular DIY tool that teaches cognitive restructuring. Pilot work showed that (1) engagement and completion rates on DIY tools can be low, and (2) a pilot AI tool had significantly higher engagement and completion rates. These differences may arise due to AI support, User Interface/User Experience/design differences, other factors, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the efficacy of the digital tool to improve mental health functioning is unknown. Study 2 will recruit participants who will be randomly assigned to one of three groups for a longitudinal month-long study: thrice-weekly DIY tool use with AI, without AI, or a control group.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Demographics Survey
Participants will be shown a demographics survey (e.g., age range, gender, income).
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Next Steps Survey
Participants will be shown the Next Steps Survey, which includes 2 items assessing intended next steps on the Mental Health America (MHA) website (e.g., take another mental health test, find a treatment provider near you) and perceived need (yes, no, or I don't know) in addition to the Demographics Survey items.
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Generic Response
Participants will be provided with the generic/current response to screening.
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Generic Resources
Participants will be provided with links to a list of 4 generic Mental Health America (MHA) resources.
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Tailored Response
Participants will be provided with a response to screening that is tailored to the match between screening score (above or below depression criteria) and expressed need for mental health support (yes, no, or I don't know).
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Tailored Resources by Demographics
Participants will be provided with links to Mental Health America (MHA) resources tailored to sexuality (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer) status and age range.
BEHAVIORALStudy 1, Tailored Resources by Desired Resources
Participants will be provided with links to Mental Health America (MHA) resources aligned with their expressed interest (e.g., additional screening, self help tools).
BEHAVIORALStudy 2, Control
Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) control group will receive psychoeducation materials in W0. They will view content as usual (no DIY).
BEHAVIORALStudy 2, DIY tool without AI
Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool without Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool 3 times a week.
BEHAVIORALStudy 2, DIY tool with AI
Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool with Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool with AI 3 times a week.
Sponsors
Mental Health America
Talkspace
National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
University of Washington
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
SEQUENTIAL
Primary purpose
HEALTH_SERVICES_RESEARCH
Masking
TRIPLE (Subject, Caregiver, Outcomes Assessor)
Intervention model description
The investigators will conduct focus groups applying user-centered design strategies to identify and co-build potentially effective engagement strategies for particular client subtypes. The investigators anticipate enrolling 10,000 Mental Health America consumers in Study 1 (the sequential multiple assignment randomized trial; SMART), with a subset of 250 participating in Study 2, a randomized controlled trial of an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted self-help tool compared to a non-AI self help tool and to psychoeducational materials only control group.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Phase 3b Study 1 (Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial; SMART): Users of the Mental Health America (MHA) website, engaging from Internet Protocol (IP) addresses in the United States, who have chosen to start the PHQ-9 depression screener in English. Must be those who can read English. * Phase 3b Study 2 (Do-It-Yourself; DIY): Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 or Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 score of 10 or greater, users of MHA website, 18 years of age or older.
Exclusion criteria
* Phase 3b Study 1 (SMART): None * Phase 3b Study 2 (DIY): Younger than 18 years old, Non-English or Non-Spanish speaking, PHQ-9 less than 10, outside of US, have more than a little familiarity with the concept of cognitive reframing.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Week 5 | We measure long-term adoption of the Intervention using an 8-item scale assessing attitudes and behaviors related to engaging with and adopting a mental health intervention focused on reframing negative thoughts. Each item is scored on a scale from 1 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater comfort, likelihood, willingness, excitement, or impact, depending on the item. Specifically, the items assess comfort with attending therapy (Item 1), working with a therapist on reframing (Item 2), and discussing negative thoughts (Item 3); likelihood of seeking mental health information (Item 4); willingness to commit to practicing reframing (Item 5); excitement about learning a new mental health skill (Item 6); the impact of negative thoughts on life (Item 7); and likelihood of recommending the intervention to a friend (Item 8). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. No statistical analysis conducted. |
| Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 | Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) is measured using 2 items about belief change and emotion change on a scale of -7 to 7. Total scores range from -14 to 14, with higher scores indicating stronger beliefs and emotions after completing a DIY tool. Note: this also includes 1 qualitative question; not included here. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: After doing this activity, how strongly do you believe in your original thought? Item 2: After doing this activity, how strong is your emotion? |
| Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8 | The Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale will be used to ask participants about how much they have used specific strategies to cope with negative moods, primarily negative automatic thoughts, in the last 4 weeks. The current study will use items 20, 28, 21, 6, 24, and 11. Items are rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (completely). Total scores range from 6 to 42. Higher scores indicate better outcomes. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Note: also includes 3 qualitative questions; not included here. Themes: Item 20: re-evaluating the situation; Item 28: taking time to step back and considering that negative thoughts might be inaccurate; Item 21: actively working to develop more rational views; Item 6: having a specific action plan of things they could do to cope; Item 24: taking time to consider other factors that may have been involved; Item 11: taking note of what they were thinking and working to develop a more balanced view |
| Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 1 Randomization) | Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes | Proportion of users disengaging (i.e., by leaving the website; in contrast to clicking to view the screening results page or clicking another Mental Health America \[MHA\] link) after stage 1 randomization. |
| Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes | Proportion of users clicking featured resources (i.e., links to webpages on Mental Health America, featured below screening results) from the screening results page. |
| Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes | Number of webpages clicked (including links to either featured and non-featured resources) after stage 2 randomization. |
| Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes | Proportion of users disengaging (i.e., by leaving the website; in contrast to clicking a link to a Mental Health America \[MHA\] webpage) after stage 2 randomization. |
| Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes | Number of participants who completed the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool. |
| Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 | Number of times using the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool |
| Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 | Tool Use Helpfulness is measured using one item (Using the tool has been helpful to me in dealing with my negative thoughts and emotions) on a scale of 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (helpfulness of the tool). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. Note: includes 5 qualitative questions, not included here. |
| Hopefulness | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8 | Hopefulness is measured using a single item (How hopeful do you feel about the future?). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. Scores range from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating better outcomes (more hopefulness). No statistical analysis (this item was merged with emotion mechanisms). |
| Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8 | Emotion mechanisms are measured using a 7-item scale. Each item is scored from 1 to 7. Total scores range from 7 to 49. Higher scores indicate better emotion mechanisms. Participants are asked about their emotions (e.g., hopefulness, worry, confidence, motivation) about their ability to address negative thoughts. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: How hopeful do you feel about the future? Item 2: How hopeful do you feel about managing negative thoughts? Item 3: How worried do you feel about managing negative thoughts? (reverse-coded) Item 4: How motivated are you to keep working on managing negative thinking? Item 5: How confident are you in your ability to identify thinking traps? Item 6: How confident are you in your ability to reframe negative thoughts? Item 7: How likely are you to recommend it to a friend? |
| Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4 | Tool Mechanisms is measured using 4 items about reframing. The items measure relatability/believability, helpfulness, memorability, and learnability on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating better outcomes after using a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: I believe in the reframe I came up with; Item 2: The reframe helped me deal with the thought I was struggling with; Item 3: I will remember this reframe the next time I experience this thought; Item 4: By doing this activity, I learned how I can deal with future negative thoughts |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8 | The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a 7- item screener for generalized anxiety. It consists of items related to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Participants rate how much anxiety they have experienced in the last two weeks on a scale of 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of anxiety symptoms. The scale is a valid screener for GAD. |
| Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8 | The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) consists of 9 depression items. Each item is associated with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) symptom of depression. Participants rate whether or not they have experienced the symptom over the last two weeks, with severity ratings of 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression symptoms. It is one of the few measures that is brief (it takes less than one minute to give) and has been found to have excellent sensitivity to change over time. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Recruitment details
Time points are not applicable to Study 1. Study 1: stage 1 conditions include 1) Demographics Survey and 2) Next Steps Survey; stage 2 conditions include 1) Generic Response + Generic Resources, 2) Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Demographics, 3) Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources, 4) Tailored Response + Generic Resources, and 5) Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources.
Pre-assignment details
Study 2: Started: participants we reached out to for filling out weekly survey or using Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool. Completed: participants who completed weekly survey or finished using DIY tool at least once. Not Completed: participants who did not complete weekly survey and did not finish using DIY tool even once. Completion was not required to continue participation in the study; number Started at each time is always the same as the total number of participants enrolled in the study.
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographic Survey This arm included participants who were randomized to the Demographics Survey (stage 1 randomization) and were not randomized to a stage 2 condition (i.e., did not view screening results page on which stage 2 randomization occurred). | 2,490 |
| : Study 1, Next Steps Survey This arm included participants who were randomized to the Next Steps Survey (stage 1 randomization) and were not randomized to a stage 2 condition (i.e., did not view screening results page on which stage 2 randomization occurred). | 2,367 |
| Study 1, Demographic Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources This arm included participants who completed the Demographics Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Generic Response + Generic Resources condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature the response-as-usual on Mental Health America (MHA)'s website and the four generic resource pages on MHA's website. | 19,250 |
| Study 1, Demographic Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Demographics This arm included participants who completed the Demographics Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Demographics condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature the response-as-usual on Mental Health America (MHA)'s website and resources tailored to two demographics. People who endorse being Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer (LGBTQ) will receive 4 resources associated with LGBTQ issues. People who endorse being 8-17, 18-24, 25-44, or 45+ years of age will receive 4 resources used by people in those age groups. If someone enters both age and LGBTQ status, they will be provided with 2 resources tailored to age and 2 resources tailored to LGBTQ status, randomly chosen. | 19,240 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources This arm included participants who completed the Next Steps Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Generic Response + Generic Resources condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature the response-as-usual on Mental Health America (MHA)'s website and the four generic resource pages on MHA's website. | 8,743 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources This arm included participants who completed the Next Steps Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature the response-as-usual on Mental Health America (MHA)'s website and 4 resources tailored to a survey question that asks participants what they would like to do next on the website after screening is complete (e.g., Learn more about depression, Take another mental health test) | 8,636 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources This arm included participants who completed the Next Steps Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Tailored Response + Generic Resources condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature a response tailored to screening status (above or below criteria for depression) and expressed need for mental health support (e.g., We're so glad to hear you're open to exploring how to improve your mental health. People who score with minimum or mild depression often notice that symptoms can get worse in the weeks after taking a Depression test.) They will also receive the 4 generic resources. | 8,454 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources This arm included participants who completed the Next Steps Survey (stage 1 randomization).
The Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources condition (stage 2 randomization) will feature a response tailored to screening status (above or below criteria for depression) and expressed need for mental health support, and will receive resources tailored to a survey question that asks participants what they would like to do next on the website after screening is complete (e.g., Learn more about depression, Take another mental health test). | 8,371 |
| Study 2, Control Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) control group will receive psychoeducation materials in W0. They will view content as usual (no DIY) and will receive surveys from W1 to W4 and follow-up surveys in W5 and at the end of W8.
Study 2, Control: Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) control group will receive psychoeducation materials in W0. They will view content as usual (no DIY). | 269 |
| Study 2, DIY Tool Without AI Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool without Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool 3 times a week. They will receive surveys from W1 to W4 and follow-up surveys in W5 and at the end of W8.
Study 2, DIY tool without AI: Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool without Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool 3 times a week. | 272 |
| Study 2, DIY Tool With AI Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool with Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool with AI 3 times a week. They will receive surveys from W1 to W4 and follow-up surveys in W5 and at the end of W8.
Study 2, DIY tool with AI: Participants in the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool with Artificial Intelligence (AI) group will be instructed to use the DIY tool with AI 3 times a week. | 298 |
| Total | 78,390 |
Withdrawals & dropouts
| Period | Reason | FG000 | FG001 | FG002 | FG003 | FG004 | FG005 | FG006 | FG007 | FG008 | FG009 | FG010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 1 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 72 | 22 | 10 |
| Week 2 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 121 | 85 | 82 |
| Week 3 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 123 | 92 | 84 |
| Week 4 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 131 | 115 | 102 |
| Week 5 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 103 | 135 | 143 |
| Week 8 | Lost to Follow-up | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 139 | 145 | 152 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Study 2, DIY Tool Without AI | Study 1, Demographic Survey | : Study 1, Next Steps Survey | Study 1, Demographic Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1, Demographic Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Demographics | Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources | Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 2, Control | Study 2, DIY Tool With AI | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Customized 18-24 years old | 47 Participants | 518 Participants | 517 Participants | 4149 Participants | 4047 Participants | 1911 Participants | 1902 Participants | 1753 Participants | 1842 Participants | 50 Participants | 51 Participants | 16787 Participants |
| Age, Customized 25-44 years old | 153 Participants | 428 Participants | 457 Participants | 4501 Participants | 4411 Participants | 2065 Participants | 1950 Participants | 2041 Participants | 1968 Participants | 137 Participants | 173 Participants | 18284 Participants |
| Age, Customized 45 years old and older | 72 Participants | 207 Participants | 187 Participants | 2176 Participants | 2101 Participants | 931 Participants | 942 Participants | 900 Participants | 841 Participants | 82 Participants | 74 Participants | 8513 Participants |
| Age, Customized Under 18 years old | 0 Participants | 1280 Participants | 1147 Participants | 8127 Participants | 8385 Participants | 3683 Participants | 3695 Participants | 3627 Participants | 3581 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 33525 Participants |
| Age, Customized Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 57 Participants | 59 Participants | 297 Participants | 296 Participants | 153 Participants | 147 Participants | 133 Participants | 139 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 1281 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 19 Participants | 366 Participants | 359 Participants | 2590 Participants | 2734 Participants | 1264 Participants | 1237 Participants | 1184 Participants | 1209 Participants | 22 Participants | 25 Participants | 11009 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 139 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 158 Participants | 137 Participants | 434 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 114 Participants | 2124 Participants | 2008 Participants | 16660 Participants | 16506 Participants | 7479 Participants | 7399 Participants | 7270 Participants | 7162 Participants | 89 Participants | 136 Participants | 66947 Participants |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 | 14.56 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.14 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 14.29 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.62 | 14.38 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.65 | 14.41 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.48 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Study 1 | — | 16.02 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.36 | 15.83 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.38 | 15.83 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.08 | 15.79 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.09 | 15.90 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.07 | 15.93 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.11 | 15.85 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.07 | 15.98 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.1 | — | — | 15.86 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.11 |
| Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Study 2 | 17.66 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.86 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | 17.69 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.66 | 17.97 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.68 | 17.78 units on a scale STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.73 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race American Indian or Alaska Native | 1 Participants | 75 Participants | 59 Participants | 392 Participants | 397 Participants | 181 Participants | 196 Participants | 175 Participants | 196 Participants | 2 Participants | 5 Participants | 1679 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Asian | 10 Participants | 267 Participants | 237 Participants | 1777 Participants | 1755 Participants | 821 Participants | 777 Participants | 784 Participants | 733 Participants | 12 Participants | 3 Participants | 7176 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Black or African American | 5 Participants | 190 Participants | 250 Participants | 1719 Participants | 1683 Participants | 766 Participants | 825 Participants | 767 Participants | 772 Participants | 11 Participants | 9 Participants | 6997 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Hispanic or Latino | 0 Participants | 366 Participants | 359 Participants | 2590 Participants | 2734 Participants | 1264 Participants | 1237 Participants | 1184 Participants | 1209 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 10943 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Middle Eastern or North African | 0 Participants | 31 Participants | 23 Participants | 200 Participants | 182 Participants | 91 Participants | 82 Participants | 95 Participants | 86 Participants | 3 Participants | 0 Participants | 793 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race More than one race | 0 Participants | 165 Participants | 146 Participants | 991 Participants | 975 Participants | 437 Participants | 454 Participants | 411 Participants | 446 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 4025 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 2 Participants | 15 Participants | 15 Participants | 73 Participants | 112 Participants | 43 Participants | 53 Participants | 40 Participants | 37 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants | 391 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Other | 0 Participants | 98 Participants | 100 Participants | 609 Participants | 634 Participants | 281 Participants | 267 Participants | 275 Participants | 266 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 2530 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race Unknown or Not Reported | 116 Participants | 128 Participants | 138 Participants | 872 Participants | 791 Participants | 423 Participants | 401 Participants | 397 Participants | 425 Participants | 98 Participants | 146 Participants | 3935 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Race White | 138 Participants | 1155 Participants | 1040 Participants | 10027 Participants | 9977 Participants | 4436 Participants | 4344 Participants | 4326 Participants | 4201 Participants | 142 Participants | 135 Participants | 39921 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Female | 135 Participants | 1450 Participants | 1377 Participants | 11558 Participants | 11507 Participants | 5233 Participants | 5274 Participants | 4973 Participants | 4972 Participants | 146 Participants | 133 Participants | 46758 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Male | 22 Participants | 919 Participants | 870 Participants | 6979 Participants | 6991 Participants | 3131 Participants | 3023 Participants | 3113 Participants | 3049 Participants | 33 Participants | 27 Participants | 28157 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Nonbinary | 4 Participants | 97 Participants | 96 Participants | 536 Participants | 580 Participants | 271 Participants | 250 Participants | 262 Participants | 261 Participants | 5 Participants | 8 Participants | 2370 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Unknown or not reported | 111 Participants | 24 Participants | 24 Participants | 177 Participants | 162 Participants | 108 Participants | 89 Participants | 106 Participants | 89 Participants | 85 Participants | 130 Participants | 1105 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk | EG004 affected / at risk | EG005 affected / at risk | EG006 affected / at risk | EG007 affected / at risk | EG008 affected / at risk | EG009 affected / at risk | EG010 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 2,490 | 0 / 2,367 | 0 / 19,250 | 0 / 19,240 | 0 / 8,743 | 0 / 8,636 | 0 / 8,454 | 0 / 8,371 | 0 / 269 | 0 / 272 | 0 / 298 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 2,490 | 0 / 2,367 | 0 / 19,250 | 0 / 19,240 | 0 / 8,743 | 0 / 8,636 | 0 / 8,454 | 0 / 8,371 | 0 / 269 | 0 / 272 | 0 / 298 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 2,490 | 0 / 2,367 | 0 / 19,250 | 0 / 19,240 | 0 / 8,743 | 0 / 8,636 | 0 / 8,454 | 0 / 8,371 | 0 / 269 | 0 / 272 | 0 / 298 |
Outcome results
Primary
Hopefulness
Hopefulness is measured using a single item (How hopeful do you feel about the future?). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. Scores range from 1 to 7, with higher scores indicating better outcomes (more hopefulness). No statistical analysis (this item was merged with emotion mechanisms).
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 8 | 4.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 1 | 3.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 2 | 3.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 3 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 4 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 3 | 4.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 4 | 4.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 1 | 3.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 8 | 4.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Hopefulness | Week 2 | 4.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Hopefulness | Week 4 | 4.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Hopefulness | Week 2 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Hopefulness | Week 3 | 4.09 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Hopefulness | Week 8 | 4.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Hopefulness | Week 1 | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
Primary
Long-term Adoption of the Intervention
We measure long-term adoption of the Intervention using an 8-item scale assessing attitudes and behaviors related to engaging with and adopting a mental health intervention focused on reframing negative thoughts. Each item is scored on a scale from 1 to 10. Higher scores indicate greater comfort, likelihood, willingness, excitement, or impact, depending on the item. Specifically, the items assess comfort with attending therapy (Item 1), working with a therapist on reframing (Item 2), and discussing negative thoughts (Item 3); likelihood of seeking mental health information (Item 4); willingness to commit to practicing reframing (Item 5); excitement about learning a new mental health skill (Item 6); the impact of negative thoughts on life (Item 7); and likelihood of recommending the intervention to a friend (Item 8). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. No statistical analysis conducted.
Time frame: Week 5
Population: Participants who completed week 5.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 1 | 7.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.65 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 2 | 7.39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.38 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 3 | 5.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.76 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 4 | 8.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.13 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 5 | 7.63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.1 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 6 | 7.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.37 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 7 | 7.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.78 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 8 | 5.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.83 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 3 | 5.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.85 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 7 | 7.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 4 | 8.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.16 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 5 | 7.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.02 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 6 | 7.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.32 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 1 | 6.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.94 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 2 | 7.17 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.59 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 8 | 6.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.93 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 3 | 5.45 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.73 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 2 | 7.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 1 | 6.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.77 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 4 | 8.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.38 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 7 | 7.63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 6 | 7.65 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.32 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 5 | 7.78 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.31 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Long-term Adoption of the Intervention | Item 8 | 5.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.82 |
Primary
Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization)
Number of participants who completed the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool.
Time frame: Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes
Population: Participants randomized to a stage 2 condition who also accessed the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool by clicking on a content page.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 131 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 173 Participants |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 55 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 54 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 63 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: DIY Completion Rate (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 69 Participants |
Primary
Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 1 Randomization)
Proportion of users disengaging (i.e., by leaving the website; in contrast to clicking to view the screening results page or clicking another Mental Health America \[MHA\] link) after stage 1 randomization.
Time frame: Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes
Population: Study 1 participants by stage 1 condition. Arms/Groups are combined by Demographics Survey and Next Steps survey because this outcome examined disengagement prior to stage 2 randomization.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 1 Randomization) | 574 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 1 Randomization) | 566 Participants |
Primary
Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization)
Proportion of users disengaging (i.e., by leaving the website; in contrast to clicking a link to a Mental Health America \[MHA\] webpage) after stage 2 randomization.
Time frame: Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes
Population: Participants randomized to a stage 2 condition.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 9019 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 8532 Participants |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4107 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4100 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 3908 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Disengagement (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 3891 Participants |
Primary
Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization)
Proportion of users clicking featured resources (i.e., links to webpages on Mental Health America, featured below screening results) from the screening results page.
Time frame: Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes
Population: Participants randomized to a stage 2 condition
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 2839 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4517 Participants |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 1272 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 1457 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 1181 Participants |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Clicks on Featured Resources (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 1507 Participants |
Primary
Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization)
Number of webpages clicked (including links to either featured and non-featured resources) after stage 2 randomization.
Time frame: Through active web session, an average of 10 minutes
Population: Participants randomized to a stage 2 condition.
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4.32 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 12.86 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 5.05 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 15.17 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4.31 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 11.66 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4.43 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 12.69 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Generic Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4.39 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 13.07 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Tailored Response + Tailored Resources by Desired Resources | Study 1: Mental Health America Engagement, Number of Webpages Clicked (After Stage 2 Randomization) | 4.12 Number of webpages | Standard Deviation 11.68 |
Primary
Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report
The Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale will be used to ask participants about how much they have used specific strategies to cope with negative moods, primarily negative automatic thoughts, in the last 4 weeks. The current study will use items 20, 28, 21, 6, 24, and 11. Items are rated from 1 (not at all) to 7 (completely). Total scores range from 6 to 42. Higher scores indicate better outcomes. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Note: also includes 3 qualitative questions; not included here. Themes: Item 20: re-evaluating the situation; Item 28: taking time to step back and considering that negative thoughts might be inaccurate; Item 21: actively working to develop more rational views; Item 6: having a specific action plan of things they could do to cope; Item 24: taking time to consider other factors that may have been involved; Item 11: taking note of what they were thinking and working to develop a more balanced view
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point. For Total score rows, Number analyzed includes participants who contributed sufficient item-level data to compute a total score.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 24 | 3.74 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 6 | 2.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.58 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 20 | 3.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 11 | 3.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 20 | 3.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Total | 22.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.67 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Total | 22.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.91 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 6 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.87 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 11 | 3.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 20 | 3.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 24 | 3.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.71 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 24 | 3.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 28 | 3.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 28 | 3.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 6 | 3.41 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 21 | 3.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.61 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 21 | 3.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.86 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 11 | 3.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Total | 24.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.8 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 20 | 3.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Total | 20.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.79 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 28 | 3.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Total | 21.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.33 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 20 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 28 | 4.02 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 11 | 3.61 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.82 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 28 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 11 | 4.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.85 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 24 | 3.61 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.86 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 21 | 3.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 21 | 3.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 6 | 3.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 6 | 3.39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 24 | 4.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 21 | 3.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 21 | 3.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 20 | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 28 | 3.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 6 | 3.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 24 | 3.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.71 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 11 | 3.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Total | 22.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.61 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 20 | 4.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 28 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 21 | 4.13 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 6 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 24 | 4.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 11 | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.61 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Total | 23.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.9 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 20 | 4.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 28 | 4.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.73 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 21 | 4.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 6 | 3.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 24 | 4.21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.77 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 11 | 4.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Total | 24.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.62 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 20 | 4.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.78 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 28 | 4.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.78 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 21 | 4.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 6 | 3.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 24 | 4.32 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 11 | 4.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Total | 25.21 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.66 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 20 | 4.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 28 | 4.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 21 | 4.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 6 | 4.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.9 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 24 | 4.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.94 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 11 | 4.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.91 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Total | 26.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.12 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 6 | 3.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 6 | 3.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 21 | 4.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 21 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 11 | 4.41 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.01 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 6 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.81 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 28 | 4.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 6 | 4.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.92 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 24 | 4.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.88 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 20 | 4.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 21 | 3.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 11 | 4.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.86 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Total | 22.02 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.95 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 20 | 3.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.49 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Total | 25.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 11 | 3.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.58 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 24 | 4.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.93 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 21 | 4.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.69 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 28 | 4.47 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 20 | 4.34 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.89 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 6 | 4.17 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 20 | 4.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 28 | 3.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 24 | 4.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Total | 23.78 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.3 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 28 | 4.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.84 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Item 11 | 4.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 11 | 3.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 1, Item 24 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 3, Total | 26.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 2, Item 24 | 3.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Total | 26.49 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 10.31 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 20 | 4.39 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.77 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 8, Item 21 | 4.32 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.88 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: DIY Skill Use: Competencies of Cognitive Therapy Scale - Self-Report | Week 4, Item 28 | 4.34 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.75 |
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 8
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 8
Primary
Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms
Emotion mechanisms are measured using a 7-item scale. Each item is scored from 1 to 7. Total scores range from 7 to 49. Higher scores indicate better emotion mechanisms. Participants are asked about their emotions (e.g., hopefulness, worry, confidence, motivation) about their ability to address negative thoughts. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: How hopeful do you feel about the future? Item 2: How hopeful do you feel about managing negative thoughts? Item 3: How worried do you feel about managing negative thoughts? (reverse-coded) Item 4: How motivated are you to keep working on managing negative thinking? Item 5: How confident are you in your ability to identify thinking traps? Item 6: How confident are you in your ability to reframe negative thoughts? Item 7: How likely are you to recommend it to a friend?
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point. For Total score rows, Number analyzed includes participants who contributed sufficient item-level data to compute a total score.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 4 | 5.16 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.56 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 7 | 4.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 4 | 5.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 3 | 4.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Total | 28.81 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.13 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 4 | 5.37 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 2 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 1 | 3.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.37 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Total | 30.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.59 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 1 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 2 | 3.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 3 | 4.20 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Total | 29.55 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.93 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 3 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 7 | 5.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 7 | 4.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.71 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 4 | 5.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 6 | 4.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 6 | 3.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 5 | 4.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Total | 32.49 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 6 | 4.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.49 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 2 | 4.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 1 | 3.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 7 | 4.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.7 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 1 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 2 | 3.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 5 | 4.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Total | 30.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.48 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 3 | 3.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 2 | 4.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 7 | 4.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.79 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 4 | 5.32 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 5 | 4.75 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 6 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 5 | 4.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 3 | 4.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 5 | 4.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 6 | 3.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.28 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 1 | 4.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 2 | 4.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 4 | 5.59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 5 | 5.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 2 | 4.70 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 3 | 4.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 6 | 4.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 7 | 5.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.57 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Total | 35.09 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 1 | 3.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 2 | 3.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 3 | 3.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.42 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 4 | 5.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.43 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 5 | 4.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 6 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 7 | 5.11 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Total | 30.18 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.82 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 1 | 4.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 2 | 4.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 3 | 3.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 4 | 5.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 5 | 4.63 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 6 | 4.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.46 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 7 | 5.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.67 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Total | 31.57 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.34 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 1 | 4.14 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 3 | 4.13 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 4 | 5.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 5 | 4.75 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 6 | 4.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 7 | 5.48 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Total | 32.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.19 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 1 | 4.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 2 | 4.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 3 | 4.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 4 | 5.32 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.67 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 5 | 4.87 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 6 | 4.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 7 | 5.53 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Total | 33.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.67 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 1 | 4.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 6 | 3.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 4 | 5.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 4 | 5.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 5 | 4.12 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.41 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 1 | 4.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 5 | 4.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.45 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 4 | 5.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 5 | 4.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 6 | 4.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.35 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 3 | 3.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.49 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 5 | 4.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.39 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 7 | 5.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 2 | 3.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.3 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 4 | 5.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Total | 32.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.2 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 1 | 3.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.23 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 6 | 4.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 1 | 4.30 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Total | 34.24 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.24 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 7 | 5.60 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 2 | 4.52 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 5 | 4.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.29 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 4 | 5.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.39 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 6 | 4.72 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.54 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 6 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.31 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 3 | 3.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Total | 33.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 7.81 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 7 | 5.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.64 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 2 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.26 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 3 | 4.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Total | 30.94 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.51 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 1 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.36 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 3 | 4.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 1 | 4.09 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Total | 29.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.24 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 8, Item 2 | 4.61 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.53 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 2 | 4.25 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.52 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 7 | 4.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.67 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 7 | 5.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.76 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Emotion Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 3 | 4.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 8
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 8
Primary
Study 2: Engagement (Dosage)
Number of times using the Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data (by finishing using the Do-It-Yourself \[DIY\] tool at least once) at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data (finished used the DIY tool at least once) at that time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 2 | 1.98 usages | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 4 | 1.63 usages | Standard Deviation 1.67 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 3 | 1.77 usages | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Overall | 2.03 usages | Standard Deviation 1.66 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 1 | 2.72 usages | Standard Deviation 1.48 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Overall | 2.26 usages | Standard Deviation 1.72 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 1 | 2.99 usages | Standard Deviation 1.69 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 2 | 2.14 usages | Standard Deviation 1.68 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 3 | 2.14 usages | Standard Deviation 1.67 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Engagement (Dosage) | Week 4 | 1.79 usages | Standard Deviation 1.63 |
Comparison: Mean difference in Overall row
Primary
Study 2: Tool Mechanisms
Tool Mechanisms is measured using 4 items about reframing. The items measure relatability/believability, helpfulness, memorability, and learnability on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Total scores range from 4 to 20, with higher scores indicating better outcomes after using a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) tool. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: I believe in the reframe I came up with; Item 2: The reframe helped me deal with the thought I was struggling with; Item 3: I will remember this reframe the next time I experience this thought; Item 4: By doing this activity, I learned how I can deal with future negative thoughts
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point. For Total score rows, Number analyzed includes participants who contributed sufficient item-level data to compute a total score.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 3 | 3.59 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 1 | 4.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.92 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 1 | 4.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 2 | 4.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 3 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 2 | 3.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 4 | 4.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 2 | 3.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Total | 16.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.43 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 4 | 3.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 1 | 4.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.95 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 3 | 3.73 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.18 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 2 | 4.07 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 1 | 4.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.99 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 4 | 3.86 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.14 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 3 | 3.81 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Total | 15.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.45 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 4 | 3.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Total | 15.57 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.61 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Total | 16.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.53 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Total | 15.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.47 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 1 | 4.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 2 | 3.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.1 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 3 | 3.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.17 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Item 4 | 3.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.15 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 1, Total | 15.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.63 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 1 | 4.11 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 2 | 4.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.02 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 3 | 3.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 2, Item 4 | 3.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 2 | 4.01 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 1 | 4.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.04 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 3 | 3.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.21 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Item 4 | 3.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.12 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 3, Total | 15.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.79 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 1 | 3.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.08 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Total | 15.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.9 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 2 | 3.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.11 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 3 | 3.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.16 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms | Week 4, Item 4 | 3.93 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.11 |
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Primary
Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2)
Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) is measured using 2 items about belief change and emotion change on a scale of -7 to 7. Total scores range from -14 to 14, with higher scores indicating stronger beliefs and emotions after completing a DIY tool. Note: this also includes 1 qualitative question; not included here. Scores will be assessed using mean item-level and total scores. Item 1: After doing this activity, how strongly do you believe in your original thought? Item 2: After doing this activity, how strong is your emotion?
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point. For Total score rows, Number analyzed includes participants who contributed sufficient item-level data to compute a total score.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Item 2 | 1.65 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Total | 2.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.79 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Total | 3.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.69 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Item 1 | 1.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Item 1 | 1.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Total | 2.91 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.09 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Item 1 | 1.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Item 1 | 1.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.65 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Item 2 | 1.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.74 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Item 2 | 1.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.75 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Total | 3.27 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 3.13 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Item 2 | 1.44 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.55 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Total | 2.98 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.9 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Item 1 | 1.40 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Item 2 | 1.47 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.51 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Item 1 | 1.42 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.58 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Total | 3.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.79 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Item 1 | 1.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.47 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Item 2 | 1.61 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.44 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 2, Total | 3.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.66 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Item 2 | 1.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.59 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 3, Total | 2.90 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 2.84 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 4, Item 1 | 1.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.6 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Mechanisms (Part 2) | Week 1, Item 2 | 1.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference in total score at week 4
Primary
Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness
Tool Use Helpfulness is measured using one item (Using the tool has been helpful to me in dealing with my negative thoughts and emotions) on a scale of 0 (strongly disagree) to 3 (strongly agree). Higher scores indicate better outcomes (helpfulness of the tool). Scores will be assessed using mean item-level scores. Note: includes 5 qualitative questions, not included here.
Time frame: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 1 | 2.00 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.75 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 2 | 1.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 3 | 1.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 4 | 1.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.78 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 4 | 1.85 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.83 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 1 | 1.99 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.69 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 3 | 1.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.81 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Tool Use Helpfulness | Week 2 | 1.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
Secondary
Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) is a 7- item screener for generalized anxiety. It consists of items related to Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Participants rate how much anxiety they have experienced in the last two weeks on a scale of 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 21, with higher scores indicating greater severity of anxiety symptoms. The scale is a valid screener for GAD.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 4 | 10.10 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.74 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 8 | 9.22 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.72 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 3 | 10.83 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.57 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 2 | 11.28 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.81 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Baseline | 14.29 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.62 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 1 | 12.43 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.71 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Baseline | 14.56 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.14 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 4 | 11.06 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.08 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 1 | 12.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.93 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 3 | 11.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.79 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 8 | 9.36 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.15 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 2 | 11.46 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.58 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 8 | 9.62 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.35 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Baseline | 14.38 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.65 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 1 | 12.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.36 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 2 | 11.23 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.23 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 3 | 11.13 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.61 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) | Week 4 | 9.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.64 |
Comparison: Mean difference at baseline
Comparison: Mean difference at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference at week 8
Comparison: Mean difference at baseline
Comparison: Mean difference at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference at week 8
Secondary
Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)
The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) consists of 9 depression items. Each item is associated with a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) symptom of depression. Participants rate whether or not they have experienced the symptom over the last two weeks, with severity ratings of 0 to 3. Total scores range from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression symptoms. It is one of the few measures that is brief (it takes less than one minute to give) and has been found to have excellent sensitivity to change over time.
Time frame: Baseline, Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, Week 4, Week 8
Population: Overall Number of Participants Analyzed includes participants who provided data at any time point. Number analyzed includes participants who contributed data at that time point.
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Baseline | 17.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.66 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 1 | 14.50 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.03 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 2 | 13.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.52 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 3 | 12.84 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.22 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 4 | 11.51 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.06 |
| Study 1, Demographics Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 8 | 10.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.66 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 8 | 10.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.5 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Baseline | 17.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.86 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 3 | 12.79 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.14 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 4 | 12.72 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.79 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 1 | 14.88 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.83 |
| Study 1, Next Steps Survey (Stage 1 Randomization) | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 2 | 12.92 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.81 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 1 | 15.17 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.26 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 2 | 12.80 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.2 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 8 | 10.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.88 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 3 | 12.66 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 5.97 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Baseline | 17.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.68 |
| Experimental: Study 1, Next Steps Survey + Generic Response + Generic Resources | Study 2: Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) | Week 4 | 11.04 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.21 |
Comparison: Mean difference at baseline
Comparison: Mean difference at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference at week 8
Comparison: Mean difference at baseline
Comparison: Mean difference at week 1
Comparison: Mean difference at week 2
Comparison: Mean difference at week 3
Comparison: Mean difference at week 4
Comparison: Mean difference at week 8