Perfectionism
Conditions
Brief summary
This study is examining the efficacy of a computerized, exposure-based, intervention for perfectionism.
Detailed description
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of a two-week computerized exposure-based treatment for perfectionism (ETP). Individuals with elevated perfectionism will be randomly assigned to ETP or a waitlist (WL) control condition. ETP will consist of three tasks in which they will repeatedly make mistakes, repeated for five sessions over a two-week period (one session every 3 days).
Interventions
BEHAVIORALExposure-based Treatment for Perfectionism (ETP)
Three tasks focused on exposures are completed. Each treatment session is approximately twenty minutes.
Sponsors
Florida State University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 65 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Score of at least 29 on the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale- Concern over Mistakes subscale
Exclusion criteria
* Current moderate or severe substance use disorder, psychotic disorder, or bipolar disorder * Current suicidal ideation (imminent risk) * Currently participating in psychotherapy * Any changes to psychotropic medications in the past four weeks
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale | Levels of perfectionism from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report questionnaire examining levels of perfectionism. The concern over mistakes sub-scale of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale includes 9 items with scores on the sub-scale ranging from 9 to 45 (higher scores signify higher levels of concern over mistakes). The concern over mistakes sub-scale includes the following items from the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 25, 24. Item scores are summed for a total sub-scale score. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Depression symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report measure used to assess depressive symptoms. Total scores range from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating a higher level of depressive symptoms. |
| State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T) | Anxiety symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report measure used to assess overall anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 21 to 84 with higher scores indicating higher levels of overall anxiety. |
| Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Social anxiety symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report scale that measures Social anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 68 with higher scores indicating higher levels of social anxiety symptoms. |
| Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Eating disorder symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report scale that measures eating disorder symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 78 with higher scores indicating higher levels of eating disorder symptoms. |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) | Obsessive-compulsiveness from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks) | Self-report scale that measures obsessive-compulsiveness. Scores range from 0 to 72 with higher scores indicating higher levels of obsessive-compulsiveness. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Intervention This arm consists of a 2-week computerized, exposure-based intervention. Treatment sessions are completed every 3 days at home (5 treatment sessions total).
Exposure-based Treatment for Perfectionism (ETP): Three tasks focused on exposures are completed. Each treatment session is approximately twenty minutes. | 39 |
| Wait-List Control Participants in this condition will not receive treatment. | 37 |
| Total | 76 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Wait-List Control | Total | Intervention |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 18.89 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.31 | 19.91 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 4.47 | 20.10 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.09 |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Asian or Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 4 Participants | 3 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Black | 0 Participants | 4 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Hispanic | 10 Participants | 14 Participants | 4 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized Other | 0 Participants | 1 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Race/Ethnicity, Customized White | 26 Participants | 53 Participants | 27 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 37 participants | 76 participants | 39 participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 35 Participants | 72 Participants | 37 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 2 Participants | 4 Participants | 2 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 39 | 0 / 37 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 39 | 0 / 37 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 39 | 0 / 37 |
Outcome results
Primary
Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale
Self-report questionnaire examining levels of perfectionism. The concern over mistakes sub-scale of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale includes 9 items with scores on the sub-scale ranging from 9 to 45 (higher scores signify higher levels of concern over mistakes). The concern over mistakes sub-scale includes the following items from the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale: 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, 21, 23, 25, 24. Item scores are summed for a total sub-scale score.
Time frame: Levels of perfectionism from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale | Baseline | 36.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.1 |
| Intervention | Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale | Post-test | 30.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 6.39 |
| Wait-List Control | Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale | Baseline | 35.76 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.06 |
| Wait-List Control | Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS)- Concern Over Mistakes Subscale | Post-test | 35.71 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 4.16 |
Secondary
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)
Self-report measure used to assess depressive symptoms. Total scores range from 0 to 60 with higher scores indicating a higher level of depressive symptoms.
Time frame: Depression symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Baseline | 19.26 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.33 |
| Intervention | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Post-test | 14.69 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 8.12 |
| Wait-List Control | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Baseline | 22.97 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.75 |
| Wait-List Control | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) | Post-test | 23.77 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.47 |
Secondary
Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26)
Self-report scale that measures eating disorder symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 78 with higher scores indicating higher levels of eating disorder symptoms.
Time frame: Eating disorder symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Baseline | 13.82 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.09 |
| Intervention | Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Post-test | 12.05 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.46 |
| Wait-List Control | Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Baseline | 12.03 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.63 |
| Wait-List Control | Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) | Post-test | 14.34 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.18 |
Secondary
Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R)
Self-report scale that measures obsessive-compulsiveness. Scores range from 0 to 72 with higher scores indicating higher levels of obsessive-compulsiveness.
Time frame: Obsessive-compulsiveness from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) | Baseline | 22.89 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.18 |
| Intervention | Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) | Post-test | 21.34 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.95 |
| Wait-List Control | Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) | Post-test | 25.54 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.24 |
| Wait-List Control | Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory- Revised (OCI-R) | Baseline | 26.68 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.67 |
Secondary
Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN)
Self-report scale that measures Social anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 0 to 68 with higher scores indicating higher levels of social anxiety symptoms.
Time frame: Social anxiety symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Baseline | 29.15 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 13.08 |
| Intervention | Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Post-test | 26.58 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.79 |
| Wait-List Control | Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Baseline | 30.08 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 17.12 |
| Wait-List Control | Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) | Post-test | 32.31 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 16.36 |
Secondary
State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T)
Self-report measure used to assess overall anxiety symptoms. Scores range from 21 to 84 with higher scores indicating higher levels of overall anxiety.
Time frame: Anxiety symptoms from baseline to post treatment (2 weeks)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention | State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T) | Baseline | 41.33 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 9.75 |
| Intervention | State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T) | Post-test | 39.19 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.07 |
| Wait-List Control | State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T) | Baseline | 43.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.9 |
| Wait-List Control | State-Trait Inventory for Cognitive and Somatic Anxiety-Trait Version (STICSA-T) | Post-test | 43.95 units on a scale | Standard Deviation 11.1 |