Chronic Pain
Conditions
Keywords
Local anesthetic
Brief summary
The purpose of this study is to determine if creation of a skin wheel with bacteriostatic normal saline, which includes 0.9% benzyl alcohol, is less painful and provides a similar level of anesthesia compared to 1% lidocaine. Participants will receive both types of anesthesia, in random order.
Detailed description
Most chronic pain procedures or injections utilize medications (e.g. local anesthetics) to numb the skin in an effort to reduce procedure-related pain; however, they can also be a significant cause of pain leading the patient to abort the procedure. Studies have looked at alternative medications and techniques that lessen the pain but still provide similar levels of anesthesia (numbing). One such alternative medication is normal saline that includes benzyl alcohol. Studies researching this specific medication have usually examined procedural pain related to drawing blood or placing an intravenous (IV) catheter but not for chronic pain related procedures. This is a single site randomized double-blinded clinical trial that will compare the standard of care (1% lidocaine) with bacteriostatic normal saline (saline with benzyl alcohol) administered as a skin wheal during a diagnostic procedure in patients with chronic low back pain. The order of administration of the medication will be randomized and the medication will be blinded to both the subject and the investigator performing the procedure. Skin wheals will be created with each medication, and the subject's level of pain will be assessed after each one to measure how painful the creation of the skin wheal was. Then, a spinal needle for the diagnostic procedure will be placed through the skin wheal and the subject's level of pain will be assessed after each one to measure the level of anesthesia (or numbing) that each one provides. The objectives of this study are to determine if administration of bacteriostatic normal saline causes less discomfort than 1% lidocaine and provides a similar level of anesthesia/numbing for the procedure. The study will take place at the Grady Pain clinic and participants will be identified from patients that are scheduled to undergo a specific low back procedure - diagnostic lumbar medial branch block. This research study will help identify potential alternatives to the standard of care for numbing of skin during chronic pain procedures that may reduce procedure-related pain and discomfort thus making the procedure more tolerable.
Interventions
A skin wheal will be made with bacteriostatic normal saline (BNS). BNS contains 0.9% benzyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol is an opium alkaloid that is sometimes added to physiologic normal saline for its bacteriostatic properties. The skin wheal will be created by injecting the medication intra-dermally with a 26 gauge needle.
DRUG1% Lidocaine
A skin wheal will be made with 1% lidocaine. The skin wheal will be created by injecting the medication intra-dermally with a 26 gauge needle.
Sponsors
Emory University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
CROSSOVER
Primary purpose
SUPPORTIVE_CARE
Masking
DOUBLE (Subject, Investigator)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Patients scheduled for an initial lumbar medial branch block
Exclusion criteria
* Allergy to local anesthetics * Fibromyalgia * Inability to provide informed consent in English * Adults unable to consent * Individuals who are not yet adults (infants, children, teenagers) * Pregnant women * Prisoners
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Needle Placement Pain Score | Day 1 | Participants rated their pain level from the insertion of the needle for the lumbar medial branch block using the skin wheal created with each anesthetic. Pain is rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Skin Wheal Pain Score | Day 1 | Participants rated their pain level from the creation of the skin wheal using each anesthetic on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| Bacteriostatic Normal Saline Then 1% Lidocaine Participants undergoing a lumbar medial branch block who are randomized to receive an intradermal administration of bacteriostatic normal saline followed by an intradermal administration of 1% lidocaine. | 19 |
| 1% Lidocaine Then Bacteriostatic Normal Saline Participants undergoing a lumbar medial branch block who are randomized to receive an intradermal administration of 1% lidocaine followed by an intradermal administration of bacteriostatic normal saline. | 21 |
| Total | 40 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | Bacteriostatic Normal Saline Then 1% Lidocaine | 1% Lidocaine Then Bacteriostatic Normal Saline | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical <=18 years | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Age, Categorical >=65 years | 5 Participants | 1 Participants | 6 Participants |
| Age, Categorical Between 18 and 65 years | 14 Participants | 20 Participants | 34 Participants |
| Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) Score of Back Pain | 8 units on a scale | 8 units on a scale | 8 units on a scale |
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | — | — | 0 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 19 Participants | 21 Participants | 40 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 13 Participants | 19 Participants | 32 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 6 Participants | 2 Participants | 8 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 40 | 0 / 40 |
Outcome results
Primary
Needle Placement Pain Score
Participants rated their pain level from the insertion of the needle for the lumbar medial branch block using the skin wheal created with each anesthetic. Pain is rated on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain.
Time frame: Day 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteriostatic Normal Saline | Needle Placement Pain Score | 0 units on a scale |
| 1% Lidocaine | Needle Placement Pain Score | 0 units on a scale |
Secondary
Skin Wheal Pain Score
Participants rated their pain level from the creation of the skin wheal using each anesthetic on a scale from 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = worst pain.
Time frame: Day 1
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEDIAN) |
|---|---|---|
| Bacteriostatic Normal Saline | Skin Wheal Pain Score | 5 units on a scale |
| 1% Lidocaine | Skin Wheal Pain Score | 6 units on a scale |