Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, Periodontitis, Therapeutics
Conditions
Keywords
periodontitis, non-surgical treatment, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid
Brief summary
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease that lead to the loss of supportive tissues around the teeth with gradual deterioration of masticatory function and esthetics, resulting eventually in the decrease of the quality of life. Host immune response triggered by bacterial biofilm is responsible for the chronic periodontal inflammation and ongoing tissue loss. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have anti-inflammatory properties, thus may be used for the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with PUFAs omega-3 in the patients with periodontitis stage III and IV.
Detailed description
Periodontitis is highly prevalent oral disease in humans affecting nearly 50% of the population worldwide. Periodontitis is multifactorial disease individually accelerated or decelerated by different factors. One of them, a bacterial biofilm, leads to dysbiosis and raise of Gram-negative bacteria.This results in the activations of immune response and clinical signs of periodontal tissue inflammation. Host modulation therapy seems to be an adequate concept for the treatment of periodontal diseases. The main assumption of this therapy is to reduce by-stander tissue destruction, to ensure rapid resolution of inflammation or even to promote regeneration of the periodontal tissues by modifying or down-regulating the destructive aspects of the host response and by up-regulating the protective or regenerative responses The goal of the present study was to assess the effect of high-dose omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA on the clinical outcome of non-surgical treatment of the patients with generalized periodontitis stage III and IV. It was presumed that dietary supplementation with high-dose EPA and DHA would have the potential to induce a measurable clinical outcome as a result of reduction of inflammation and minimizing tissue damage mediated by anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 PUFAs. To address this issue, a randomized clinical trial was designed in which EPA and DHA were supplemented in adjunction to the standard periodontal therapy, scaling and root planning (SRP). Clinical outcomes of active versus control therapies were measured in addition to the quantifications of saliva cytokines, chemokines, subgingival biofilm composition and serum levels of lipids.
Interventions
DIETARY_SUPPLEMENTfish oil
SRP will be supplemented with the dietary fish oil rich in omega-3 PUFAs EPA and DHA for 6 months. Fish oil (BioMarine Medical, 200 ml liquid), obtained from Tasmanian deep sea shark and Norwegian cod liver and sardine, anchovy and mackerel muscle, will be administered two times a day at a dose 10 ml. Daily dose of 20 ml provides 2.6 g of EPA and 1.8 g of DHA.
PROCEDURESRP only
Scaling and root planing will be the only method of treatment.
Sponsors
Medical University of Lodz
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
SINGLE (Outcomes Assessor)
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
20 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* at least 18 scorable teeth (not including third molars), * ≥4 teeth with PD ≥6 mm, CAL ≥5 mm, * radiographic evidence of bone loss more than one-third of the root length, * no periodontal treatment performed within last 6 months.
Exclusion criteria
* smoking, * diabetes, * any diseases or disorders that compromise wound healing, * chronic inflammatory disease, history of radio- or chemotherapy, * nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs) intake \> 3 days, * use of antibiotics or corticosteroids 3 months prior to the study.
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the percent of closed pockets | 3 and 6 months | The percent of closed pockets (PD ≤ 4 mm and BOP-) at 3 and 6 months in relation to baseline |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the probing depth (PD) | 3 and 6 months | Mean values of probing depth of all sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm |
| Change in the clinical attachment level (CAL) | 3 and 6 months | Mean values of clinical attachment level of all sites with initial PD ≥ 4 mm |
| Change in the bleeding on probing (BOP) | 3 and 6 months | Percent of all sites with bleeding on probing |
| Change in the number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and BOP+ | 3 and 6 months | Mean values of number of sites with PD ≥ 4 mm and BOP+ |
Countries
Poland
Outcome results
None listed