Care Transitions, Dementia
Conditions
Keywords
Post-acute care, Home health agency
Brief summary
This clinical study is designed to test the feasibility of a new intervention, CAPABLE Transitions. CAPABLE Transitions is based on the Community Aging in Place, Advancing Better Living for Elders (CAPABLE) intervention designed by Dr. Sarah Szanton at Johns Hopkins University. Similar to CAPABLE, CAPABLE Transitions consists of an occupational therapy (OT)-led intervention in which the study OT, nurse, and handyman deliver an in-home intervention over 3-4 months. This intervention is designed to help with the transition of care from a hospital or post-acute care facility discharge as well as to optimize functioning and home safety. This clinical study plans to recruit a total of 60 older adults with and without dementia admitted to a home health agency following discharge from a hospital or post-acute care facility. Given that this is a feasibility study, it is not designed or powered to test hypotheses.
Detailed description
This pilot study is a randomized, care-as-usual (CAU)-comparator, unblinded clinical trial of an occupational therapy (OT)-led in-home intervention designed to help older adults successfully return to and remain in their homes following discharge from a hospital or post-acute care facility (e.g., skilled nursing or inpatient rehabilitation facilities). This intervention is called CAPABLE Transitions. In total, 60 adults (36 in the intervention arm, 24 in the CAU arm) aged 65 years and older recently discharged from a hospital or post-acute care facility and admitted to a Medicare-certified home health agency (CHHA) with and without dementia will be recruited. This pilot study's main outcomes relate to the feasibility of the study. These outcomes include study recruitment and retention, fidelity to and perceived benefit of the intervention, and data completeness with regard to clinical outcomes (e.g., home time, quality of life, and health care utilization). This study will recruit English-speaking adults aged 65 years and older who live in the Rochester region and are admitted to a CHHA following a hospital or post-acute care facility stay. There are two treatment groups. The intervention group will receive CAPABLE Transitions as well as CHHA CAU services. The CAU group will receive CHHA CAU services, which can include nursing, health aide, medical social work, and occupational, physical, and speech therapy services. CHHA clinicians will determine the types and duration of CHHA services that the study participants receive; these services will be completely independent from the research study. Assessment interviews will be conducted at baseline as well as at three and six month follow-up. Interviews will assess sociodemographics, health and functioning, mental health and cognitive functioning, home environment, medical services use, and intervention feedback. Information also will be extracted on medical conditions, medications, communication with providers, and services utilization from participants' medical records.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALCAPABLE Transitions
The CAPABLE Transitions intervention group will receive an occupational therapy-led multidisciplinary in-home intervention in which the study occupational therapist (\<6 visits), registered nurse (\<5 visits), and handyman (\<2 visits) work with participants over 3-4 months. This intervention group also will receive home health agency care as usual services. CAPABLE Transitions in embedded within a home health agency and includes a care transitions emphasis.
BEHAVIORALHome Health Agency Care
Both the CAPABLE Transitions intervention and care as usual treatment arms will receive home health agency care as usual services, which can include nursing, health aide, medical social work, and occupational, physical, and speech therapy services. Home health agency clinicians will determine the types and duration of CHHA services that the study participants receive; these services will be completely independent from the research study.
Sponsors
National Institute on Aging (NIA)
University of Rochester
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
OTHER
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
65 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* admitted to Medicare-certified home health agency following discharge from a hospital, inpatient rehabilitation facility, or skilled nursing facility * live in Rochester, NY region * aged 65 years or older * English-speaking
Exclusion criteria
* plan to move within one year * has a terminal diagnosis (e.g., \< 1-year life expectancy, in hospice) * receiving active cancer treatment (active treatment includes surgery or a course of radiation or chemotherapy; it does not include long-term maintenance treatment such as daily hormonal treatment of prostate cancer) * inability or unwillingness of individual or legal guardian/representative to give written informed consent or assent * has been discharged from a hospital or post-acute care facility for more than 28 days * are COVID-19 positive, have suspected COVID-19 infection, or resides with a person who is COVID-19 positive or has suspected COVID-19
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes | 3 months | The study will monitor the percentage of participants who have complete information on home time, quality of life, and health services utilization at 3 months. |
| Percentage of Participants Screened as Eligible | For each potential participant, this outcome is determined prior to possible study enrollment. | The study will monitor how many older adults are screened and satisfy the eligibility criteria. |
| Percentage of Screened Participants That Enroll | This outcome is determined at the time of study enrollment. | The study will monitor how many older adults who satisfy the eligibility criteria are enrolled in the study. |
| Percentage of Enrolled Participants That Are Retained | 6 months | The study will monitor the percentage of participants that complete the study. |
| Percentage of Participants Who Perceive a Benefit From the Intervention | 3 months | Participants and study partners will be asked Likert-item response survey questions to assess the perceived benefit and burdensomeness of the intervention. |
| Proportion of Critical Tasks Completed | Throughout Study Intervention, an average of 5 months | The study will review audio recordings and study interventionists' documentation to examine fidelity to the intervention and score whether the interventionists completed the central tasks of CAPABLE Transitions. The study will score completion of the critical components as yes or no and this outcome will be reported as the proportion of critical components of the CAPABLE Transitions intervention that were completed by the occupational therapist and registered nurse. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Home Time in Days (From the 3 to 6 Month Period) | Month 3 to Month 6 (3 months) | Home time is the number of days participants spend alive in non-institutional settings (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). The study will report the participants' home time from 3 to 6 months of follow-up. |
| Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | 3 months | The study will examine quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) among study participants at 3 months of follow-up (positive scores indicate improvement from baseline). Rating: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, each with 1 as lowest score and 5 as highest score: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems, where higher scores indicate worse outcome. The EQ VAS question records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' (score=100) and 'The worst health you can imagine' (score=0). Therefore higher scores may indicate better outcomes. |
| Health Services Use, Percentage | Baseline to Month 3 (3 months) | The study will examine the percentage of participants who went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from baseline to 3 months of follow-up. |
| Health Services Use, Mean | Baseline to Month 3 (3 months) | The study will tabulate the mean number of times participants went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from baseline to 3 months of follow-up. |
| Home Time in Days (From the Baseline to 3 Month Period) | Baseline to Month 3 (3 months) | Home time is the number of days participants spend alive in non-institutional settings (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). The study will report the participants' home time from baseline to 3 months of follow-up. |
Countries
United States
Participant flow
Participants by arm
| Arm | Count |
|---|---|
| CAPABLE Transitions Older adults admitted to University of Rochester Medicine Home Care with and without dementia will receive care as usual as well as CAPABLE-trained occupational therapy, registered nurse, and handyman services delivered over 3-4 months.
CAPABLE Transitions: The CAPABLE Transitions intervention group will receive an occupational therapy-led multidisciplinary in-home intervention in which the study occupational therapist (\<6 visits), registered nurse (\<5 visits), and handyman (\<2 visits) work with participants over 3-4 months. This intervention group also will receive home health agency care as usual services. CAPABLE Transitions in embedded within a home health agency and includes a care transitions emphasis.
Home Health Agency Care: Both the CAPABLE Transitions intervention and care as usual treatment arms will receive home health agency care as usual services, which can include nursing, health aide, medical social work, and occupational, physical, and speech therapy services. Home health agency clinicians will determine the types and duration of CHHA services that the study participants receive; these services will be completely independent from the research study. | 16 |
| Care As Usual Older adults admitted to University of Rochester Medicine Home Care (a Medicare-certified home health agency) with and without dementia will receive care as usual.
Home Health Agency Care: Both the CAPABLE Transitions intervention and care as usual treatment arms will receive home health agency care as usual services, which can include nursing, health aide, medical social work, and occupational, physical, and speech therapy services. Home health agency clinicians will determine the types and duration of CHHA services that the study participants receive; these services will be completely independent from the research study. | 15 |
| Total | 31 |
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | CAPABLE Transitions | Total | Care As Usual |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 77 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.66 | 74.5 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.92 | 71.8 Years STANDARD_DEVIATION 6.33 |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Hispanic or Latino | 1 Participants | 2 Participants | 1 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Not Hispanic or Latino | 15 Participants | 29 Participants | 14 Participants |
| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Asian | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Black or African American | 2 Participants | 2 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) More than one race | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 1 Participants | 1 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Unknown or Not Reported | 0 Participants | 0 Participants | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) White | 12 Participants | 27 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 16 Participants | 31 Participants | 15 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Female | 13 Participants | 25 Participants | 12 Participants |
| Sex: Female, Male Male | 3 Participants | 6 Participants | 3 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 16 | 0 / 15 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 3 / 16 | 1 / 15 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 5 / 16 | 1 / 15 |
Outcome results
Primary
Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes
The study will monitor the percentage of participants who have complete information on home time, quality of life, and health services utilization at 3 months.
Time frame: 3 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes | 16 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes | 14 Participants |
Primary
Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes
The study will monitor the percentage of participants who have complete information on home time, quality of life, and health services utilization at 6 months.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes | 14 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Data Completeness on Clinical Outcomes | 13 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Enrolled Participants That Are Retained
The study will monitor the percentage of participants that complete the study.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Percentage of Enrolled Participants That Are Retained | 14 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Percentage of Enrolled Participants That Are Retained | 14 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Participants Screened as Eligible
The study will monitor how many older adults are screened and satisfy the eligibility criteria.
Time frame: For each potential participant, this outcome is determined prior to possible study enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Percentage of Participants Screened as Eligible | 180 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Perceive a Benefit From the Intervention
Participants and study partners will be asked Likert-item response survey questions to assess the perceived benefit and burdensomeness of the intervention.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Percentage of Participants Who Perceive a Benefit From the Intervention | 12 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Participants Who Perceive a Benefit From the Intervention
Participants and study partners will be asked Likert-item response survey questions to assess the perceived benefit and burdensomeness of the intervention.
Time frame: 3 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Percentage of Participants Who Perceive a Benefit From the Intervention | 13 Participants |
Primary
Percentage of Screened Participants That Enroll
The study will monitor how many older adults who satisfy the eligibility criteria are enrolled in the study.
Time frame: This outcome is determined at the time of study enrollment.
| Arm | Measure | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Percentage of Screened Participants That Enroll | 31 Participants |
Primary
Proportion of Critical Tasks Completed
The study will review audio recordings and study interventionists' documentation to examine fidelity to the intervention and score whether the interventionists completed the central tasks of CAPABLE Transitions. The study will score completion of the critical components as yes or no and this outcome will be reported as the proportion of critical components of the CAPABLE Transitions intervention that were completed by the occupational therapist and registered nurse.
Time frame: Throughout Study Intervention, an average of 5 months
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Proportion of Critical Tasks Completed | 0.89 Proportion of Critical Tasks Completed | Standard Deviation 0.08 |
Secondary
Health Services Use, Mean
The study will tabulate the mean number of times participants went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from 3 to 6 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Month 3 to Month 6 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | ED Visit | 0.19 events | Standard Deviation 0.4 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | Hospitalization | 0.13 events | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 events | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | ED Visit | 0.14 events | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | Hospitalization | 0 events | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 events | Standard Deviation 0 |
Secondary
Health Services Use, Mean
The study will tabulate the mean number of times participants went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from baseline to 3 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Baseline to Month 3 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | ED Visit | 0.06 events | Standard Deviation 0.25 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | Hospitalization | 0.13 events | Standard Deviation 0.34 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Mean | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 events | Standard Deviation 0 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | ED Visit | 0.07 events | Standard Deviation 0.26 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | Hospitalization | 0.27 events | Standard Deviation 0.7 |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Mean | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 events | Standard Deviation 0 |
Secondary
Health Services Use, Percentage
The study will examine the percentage of participants who went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from baseline to 3 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Baseline to Month 3 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 Participants |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | ED Visit | 1 Participants |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | Hospitalization | 2 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | ED Visit | 1 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | Hospitalization | 2 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Health Services Use, Percentage
The study will examine the percentage of participants who went to the emergency department, were hospitalized, and were admitted to a skilled nursing facility from 3 to 6 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Month 3 to Month 6 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (COUNT_OF_PARTICIPANTS) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | ED Visit | 3 Participants |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | Hospitalization | 2 Participants |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Health Services Use, Percentage | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | ED Visit | 2 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | Hospitalization | 0 Participants |
| Care As Usual | Health Services Use, Percentage | Skilled Nursing Facility Admission | 0 Participants |
Secondary
Home Time in Days (From the 3 to 6 Month Period)
Home time is the number of days participants spend alive in non-institutional settings (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). The study will report the participants' home time from 3 to 6 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Month 3 to Month 6 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Home Time in Days (From the 3 to 6 Month Period) | 89.38 days | Standard Deviation 2 |
| Care As Usual | Home Time in Days (From the 3 to 6 Month Period) | 89.86 days | Standard Deviation 0.36 |
Secondary
Home Time in Days (From the Baseline to 3 Month Period)
Home time is the number of days participants spend alive in non-institutional settings (e.g., nursing homes and hospitals). The study will report the participants' home time from baseline to 3 months of follow-up.
Time frame: Baseline to Month 3 (3 months)
| Arm | Measure | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Home Time in Days (From the Baseline to 3 Month Period) | 87.94 days | Standard Deviation 7.25 |
| Care As Usual | Home Time in Days (From the Baseline to 3 Month Period) | 88.67 days | Standard Deviation 3.99 |
Secondary
Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title)
The study will examine quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) among study participants at 6 months of follow-up (positive scores indicate improvement from baseline). Rating: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, each with 1 as lowest score and 5 as highest score: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems, where higher scores indicate worse outcome. The EQ VAS question records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' (score=100) and 'The worst health you can imagine' (score=0). Therefore higher scores may indicate better outcomes.
Time frame: 6 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Mobility Change | 0.57 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.09 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Care Change | 0.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.94 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Usual Activities Change | 1.21 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.19 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Pain/Discomfort Change | 0.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Anxiety/Depression Change | -0.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.01 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Rated Health Change | 8.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 26.83 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Anxiety/Depression Change | -0.29 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.73 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Mobility Change | 0.71 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Pain/Discomfort Change | 0.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.4 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Care Change | 0.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.93 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Rated Health Change | 10.5 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 12.91 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Usual Activities Change | 0.93 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
Secondary
Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title)
The study will examine quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) among study participants at 3 months of follow-up (positive scores indicate improvement from baseline). Rating: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression, each with 1 as lowest score and 5 as highest score: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems, where higher scores indicate worse outcome. The EQ VAS question records the patient's self-rated health on a vertical visual analogue scale from 0 to 100, where the endpoints are labelled 'The best health you can imagine' (score=100) and 'The worst health you can imagine' (score=0). Therefore higher scores may indicate better outcomes.
Time frame: 3 months
| Arm | Measure | Group | Value (MEAN) | Dispersion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Mobility Change | 0.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.33 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Care Change | 0.40 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.74 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Usual Activities Change | 0.73 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.39 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Pain/Discomfort Change | -0.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.96 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Anxiety/Depression Change | -0.13 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.64 |
| Overall Study Screening and Recruitment | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Rated Health Change | 6.27 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 28.29 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Anxiety/Depression Change | 0.14 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.77 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Mobility Change | 1.07 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.07 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Pain/Discomfort Change | 0.36 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.5 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Care Change | 0.50 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 0.76 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Self-Rated Health Change | 1.43 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 15.8 |
| Care As Usual | Mean Change in Quality of Life Using EQ-5D-5L (Unabbreviated Title) | Usual Activities Change | 0.79 score on a scale | Standard Deviation 1.05 |