Smoking
Conditions
Brief summary
The study examined smokers from the initial COMPASS survey who live in one of three local Census tracks with large concentrations of minority populations and smoking rates, including Washington Park (98.8% African American, 60.5% smoker), Gage Park (76.7% Hispanic, 26.7% smoker), and Bridgeport (34.5% Asian, 27.0% Hispanic, 29.3% smoker), randomizing them to receipt of treatment as usual care advice (via a pamphlet form the National Cancer Institute) versus theoretically-driven and empirically-supported smoking cessation advice session delivered in-person at the UCM.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALEnhanced Care
The session began with the therapist reviewing the participants' personal feedback sheet within the context of clear messaging that there is no safe level of smoking and of how smoking affects the participant individually and the Black community collectively. The participant was encouraged to quit smoking, else to reduce smoking if abstinence was not desired, and to use NRT within the next week to help foster behavior change and alleviate withdrawal symptoms. This portion of the counseling was presented within a culturally-targeted framework such that myths regarding NRT common among persons with low health literacy were discussed and debunked and historical mistrust of the medical community and concerns about exploitation were also addressed. Each participant in EC was offered a starter kit of NRT with a one week supply of patches or lozenges.
BEHAVIORALTAU
Participants met with a research assistant for 3-5 minutes and received the National Cancer Institute (NCI) pamphlet Clearing the Air and access to related online resources, which includes brief advice to quit smoking and medication information. They did not receive counseling or specialized care and were advised to refer to the resources should they be interested in quitting smoking.
Sponsors
University of Chicago
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to No maximum
Healthy volunteers
Yes
Inclusion criteria
* Currently reside in either the Washington Park, Gage Park, or Bridgeport communities based on current physical address at the time of initial contact for study participation * Identify as a current smoker (verified by self-report and exhaled carbon monoxide) * Willing and able to sign an informed consent * Stable residence and contact information throughout the follow-up period
Exclusion criteria
* Not a current smoker * Does not live within the pre-determined neighborhood locations * Unable to sign informed consent
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Smoking reduction | Past-week CPD at 1- and 6-month follow-up | Change in average cigarettes per day (CPD) |
| Quit attempts | Any reported (and serious) quit attempts since last session at 1- and 6-month follow-up | Change in number of any and serious (12+hr) quit attempts |
| Motivation to change smoking | Increases in stage of change at 1- and 6-month follow-ups | Increase in motivation to change smoking behavior via smoking contemplation ladder (Biener-Abrams Contemplation Ladder) scores. Scores are on a 10-point scale from 0-10, with higher scores indicating higher motivation to quit smoking. |
| Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) use | Any reported NRT use since last session at 1- and 6- month follow-up | Change in frequency of NRT use |
| Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) knowledge | More accurate knowledge about NRT at 1- and 6-month follow-ups | Increase in accurate knowledge about NRT assessed by two items rated from a 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) scale measuring agreement to the NRT myths, NRT causes cancer and NRT is only used by weak people. |
Countries
United States
Outcome results
None listed