Hypothermia Due to Cold Environment
Conditions
Brief summary
Open water swimming is a swimming discipline which takes place in outdoor water such as open oceans, lakes, and rivers. Elite swimmers are exposed to hypothermia when swimming in cold water, especially in long duration races, such as the 25-km race. The objective of this study is to evaluate the change in body core temperature in swimmers with continuous temperature monitoring during a 25-km race. The secondary objective is to identify the predictors of hypothermia and hypothermia-related drop-out.
Interventions
OTHERSwimming participants in the 25-km
The 25-km race was the French national Open Championship event and participants were the swimmers registered for the race who volunteered to participate in this study
Sponsors
University Hospital, Caen
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
PROSPECTIVE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
15 Years to 45 Years
Inclusion criteria
* competitors of the 25-km French Open Water Championship * participants who volunteered for this study * written consent was obtained from all participants, as well as their legal representatives when applicable (i.e. parents for under age participants).
Exclusion criteria
* swallowing disorders * transit disorders * MRI scheduled within 48 hours
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Body Core Temperature | Continuous measurement was collected from 30 minutes before the race until 2 hours after the end of the race for each swimmer | Measurement of Body Core Temperature using an ingestible electronic sensor (e-Celsius®, BodyCap , Caen, France) which provide a continuous validated measurement |
| Change in Water Temperature | Continuous measurement was collected from 30 minutes before the race until 2 hours after the end of the race for each swimmer | Measurement of the Water Temperature using an electronic sensor (iButton® Maxim Integrated) which provide a continuous validated measurement |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Body composition, fat-free mass | One measurement assessed the day before the race | Fat-free mass (in kg, % of body mass \[fat-free mass and body mass were combined to report % of body mass) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany). |
| Body composition, muscle mass | One measurement assessed the day before the race | Muscle mass (in kg, % of body mass \[muscle mass and body mass were combined to report % of body mass) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany). |
| Body composition, body mass | One measurement assessed the day before the race | Body mass (in kg) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany). |
| Performance | Time at each lap of 2500m and at the end of the race | Time at each lap and swimming race timing was collected using the official swimming timing from the race organisers and French Federation |
| Dropout rate | During the swimming race and data were collected immediately after dropout for each swimmer who dropped out | Swimmers who dropout were identified and cause for dropout was collected |
| Perception of Cold | One measurement assessed immediately at the end of the race | Immediately at the end of the race participants' perception of cold was assessed using the Cold Discomfort Scale (CDS, with rating from 0-to-10 over 10, where 0 indicates no experience of cold and 10 indicates unbearable cold) |
| Body composition, fat mass | One measurement assessed the day before the race | Fat mass (in kg, % of body mass \[fat mass and body mass were combined to report % of body mass) was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis (mBCA 525, Seca, Germany). |
Countries
France
Outcome results
None listed