Pain, Frozen Shoulder
Conditions
Keywords
Frozen Shoulder, visual feedback, proprioception, pain insensitivity, shoulder pain
Brief summary
The aim of this study compares mirror therapy and visual feedback treatment with the control group in frozen shoulder patients.
Detailed description
Thirty-six individuals divided three groups as mirror therapy, visual feedback, and control groups were included in the study for 15 sessions of treatment. All individuals received basic treatment as ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, cold pack, stretching exercises, glenohumeral range of motion exercises, scapulothoracic exercises. The mirror group bilateral exercised with an affected arm behind the mirror; visual feedback group bilateral exercised by seeing both arms in the mirror; control group bilateral exercised without a mirror for 10 minutes after every session. Pain severity was evaluated with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ROM and proprioception were measured with a universal goniometer, and functional status was evaluated with shoulder pain and disability index (SPADI) and Modified Constant Score. Evaluations were made before, day after the treatment and 4 weeks after the treatment by the same researcher. Data analysis was performed with SPSS.23.
Interventions
OTHERMirror therapy
affected arm stay behind the mirror while exercising
OTHERVisual feedback
visual feedback from mirror
Sponsors
Marmara University
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
FACTORIAL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 75 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* Individuals who were diagnosed with Unilateral Frozen Shoulder by the specialist; * Normal radiological imaging; * Aged between 18-75 years old; * Symptoms persist for 2-12 months.
Exclusion criteria
* If patients had following comorbidities: rotator cuff injury, cervical radiculopathy, romatological diseases, neurological diseases, fracture, tumour, congenital deformities, dislocation or sublocation, surgery in the shoulder, uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes mellitus; * Pregnancy; * Patients who had previously received physical therapy; * Patients having problems in the perception of tests and exercises were excluded from this study
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Visual Analog Scale (VAS) | Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks | Pain intensity was obtained using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). VAS is usually a horizontal line, 10 cm in length, anchored by word descriptors at each end with No Pain (score of zero) on the left side up to severe pain on the right side. The patient was asked to mark the line point that represented his or her worst pain in the past week during daily rutine. |
| Range of Motion (ROM) | Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks | Range of motion is the measurement of the amount of movement around a joint as a flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation (degree). Measurement performed with universal goniometer. |
| Proprioception | Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks | Proprioception is the sense of self-movement and body position. A joint position error test (JPET) was used for proprioception measurement. JPET is a deviation of the ability to reposition the joint to the target position which fifty percent of active flexion ROM. |
| Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) | Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks | The shoulder pain and disability index is a self-administered questionnaire that consists of two dimensions, one for pain and the other one for functional activities on the shoulder. The total score is defining as a percent. 0 for best score 100 for worst score. |
| Modified Constant-Murley Score (CMS) | Change from Baseline, 6 weeks and 10 weeks | The modified Constant-Murley score is a questionnaire for shoulder injuries that consists of four dimensions, pain, activities of daily living, range of movement, and power. Pain and activities of daily living are considered subjective scores therefore the range of movement and power considered objective score. 100 for best score 0 for worst score. |
Countries
Turkey (Türkiye)
Outcome results
None listed