Drug Use
Conditions
Keywords
Adolescent, Juvenile justice, text messaging, Substance use, mHealth
Brief summary
The research project will focus on conducting a trial of whether a tailored SMS text-messaging intervention is efficacious in improving justice-involved youths' substance use or dual diagnosis treatment attendance and engagement.
Detailed description
The study will demonstrate how delivery of motivational/coaching messages to justice-involved youth and their caregivers will lead to greater youth substance use treatment attendance and engagement. The study will start with identifying the feasibility and acceptability of the SMS text-messaging intervention with community-supervised justice-involved youth. Then, the study will determine whether the tailored dyadic (youth and caregiver) "SMS text-messaging plus" intervention (appointment reminder texts plus motivational message texts) improves youth substance use or dual diagnosis treatment attendance and engagement relative to the "SMS text messaging" comparison (only appointment reminder texts). Finally, the study will characterize patterns of key justice and behavioral health system-level factors that promote or hinder eventual adoption and sustainability of mHealth technology as a tool to improve treatment attendance for justice-involved youth.
Interventions
BEHAVIORALSMS Text Messaging Plus
SMS text messaging intervention for a period of 90 days to encourage attendance at community-based substance use or dual diagnosis treatment appointments through treatment appointment reminders plus motivational messages
BEHAVIORALSMS Text Messaging
SMS text messaging intervention for a period of 90 days that included only treatment appointment reminders
Sponsors
University of California, San Francisco
National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)
Study design
Allocation
RANDOMIZED
Intervention model
PARALLEL
Primary purpose
TREATMENT
Masking
NONE
Intervention model description
This is a hybrid 1 effectiveness-implementation design in which the investigators will test a theory-driven digital health (i.e., SMS text-messaging) treatment engagement intervention while also collecting data on the text messaging platform's potential implementation and adoption within juvenile justice and behavioral health settings.
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
13 Years to 18 Years
Healthy volunteers
No
Inclusion criteria
* English-speaking youth with willing adult caregiver * Ages 13-18 * Justice-involved while living in the community * Own a mobile phone or tablet * Are willing to send and receive text messages * Are referred to community-based substance use and/or mental health treatment
Exclusion criteria
\-
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment Attendance | 90 days post baseline | Youth's percentage of treatment sessions attended as separately self-reported by youth and caregivers. |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Alcohol Use | 90 days post baseline | The Adolescent Risk Behavior Assessment (ARBA) is used to assess quantity and frequency of previous (lifetime and past 90 days) alcohol use. These data represent the number of youth who endorsed any alcohol use in the past 90 days |
| Drug Use | 90 days post baseline | The Adolescent Risk Behavior Assessment (ARBA) is used to assess quantity and frequency of previous (lifetime and past 90 days) cannabis and other drug use. These data represent the number of youth who endorsed any drug use in the past 90 days |
| Tobacco Use | 90 days post baseline | The Adolescent Risk Behavior Assessment (ARBA) is used to assess quantity and frequency of previous (lifetime and past 90 days) cannabis and other drug use. These data represent the number of youth who endorsed any tobacco use in the past 90 days |
| In Mental Health Treatment at 90 Day Follow up | 90 days post baseline | Treatment Status and Attendance Youth survey is used to gather detailed information about type of treatment the youth is attending. |
| In Substance Use Treatment at 90 Day Follow up | 90 days post baseline | Treatment Status and Attendance Youth survey is used to gather detailed information about type of treatment the youth is attending. |
| In Dual Diagnosis (Mental Health and Substance Use) Treatment at 90 Day Follow up | 90 days post baseline | Treatment Status and Attendance Youth survey is used to gather detailed information about type of treatment the youth is attending. |
Countries
United States
Contacts
PRINCIPAL_INVESTIGATORMarina Tolou-Shams, PhD
University of California, San Francisco
Participant flow
Recruitment details
A total of 50 participants were recruited as 25 youth-caregiver dyads. There were a total of 24 participants (or 12 dyads) in the intervention and 26 participants (or 13 dyads) in the control condition.
Baseline characteristics
| Characteristic | — |
|---|---|
| Age, Continuous Caregiver Age Demographics | 45.1 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 7.05 |
| Age, Continuous Youth Age Demographics | 16.2 years STANDARD_DEVIATION 1.4 |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics Black or African American | 6 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics More than one race | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Caregiver Race Demographics White | 11 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics American Indian or Alaska Native | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics Asian | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics Black or African American | 5 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics More than one race | 2 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 0 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics Unknown or Not Reported | 1 Participants |
| Race (NIH/OMB) Youth Race Demographics White | 5 Participants |
| Region of Enrollment United States | 26 participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Caregiver Sex Demographics Declined to state | 0 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Caregiver Sex Demographics Female | 10 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Caregiver Sex Demographics Male | 5 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Caregiver Sex Demographics TransMale | 1 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Youth Sex Demographics Declined to state | 1 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Youth Sex Demographics Female | 4 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Youth Sex Demographics Male | 7 Participants |
| Sex/Gender, Customized Youth Sex Demographics TransMale | 0 Participants |
Adverse events
| Event type | EG000 affected / at risk | EG001 affected / at risk | EG002 affected / at risk | EG003 affected / at risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| deaths Total, all-cause mortality | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 13 | 0 / 13 |
| other Total, other adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 13 | 0 / 13 |
| serious Total, serious adverse events | 0 / 12 | 0 / 12 | 0 / 13 | 0 / 13 |
Outcome results
None listed