Blood Glucose, High, Diet Habit, Genetic Predisposition, Health Behavior
Conditions
Brief summary
This study investigates the association of genetic effects of rs7903146 and dietary intake on type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk in a healthy population. T2DM risk was assessed through glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration in 73 subjects. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ).
Detailed description
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic linked to 1.6 million deaths in 2016. Diet, lifestyle and environment contribute significantly to T2DM-risk. Genome-wide association studies identify the transcription factor 7-like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 (C/T) gene as one of the most important associated with T2DM-risk. The T-allele is associated with a two-fold increase in relative risk of T2DM across different populations. However, most studies associating genetic effects of dietary intake on rs7903146 and T2DM-risk utilised volatile instantaneous measures of glucose(5) and focussed on individual macronutrients. Understanding the association of rs7903146 and overall macronutrient intake using a stable blood homeostasis marker may provide a fuller insight into T2DM-risk. The study included data for all variables (participant characteristics: sex (female/male), age (years), height (cm), weight (kg), body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), body fat percentage (%), fat mass (kg), lean mass (kg), waist/hip (ratio), dietary intake, HbA1c (mmol/mol and %) and physical activity (hours/week). All data was collected at St Mary's University between April to July 2019. Participants was genotyped and allocated into two groups: major allele (C) homozygote versus minor allele (T) homozygote plus heterozygote. T2DM-risk was assessed through their value of HbA1c and participants were classified as follows: normal (\<42mmol/mol/ \<6.0%), pre-diabetic (42 to 47 mmol/mol/ 6.0% to 6.4%), diabetes (48mmol/mol /6.5% or over).
Interventions
None listed
Sponsors
St Mary's University College
Study design
Observational model
COHORT
Time perspective
CROSS_SECTIONAL
Eligibility
Sex/Gender
ALL
Age
18 Years to 64 Years
Inclusion criteria
Eligibility criteria required healthy adults free from metabolic condition and free from medication affecting glycated haemoglobin levels.
Exclusion criteria
Individuals with HbA1c levels ≥48 mmol/mol or ≥6.5% were excluded due to a classification as T2DM (WHO, 2011).
Design outcomes
Primary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Diet intake | 3 months | Dietary intake estimated using The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Norfolk (food frequency questionnaire) |
| DNA | 3 months | salivary (1-ml) DNA for genotype TCF7L2 gene (rs7903146 SNP) |
| Hba1c | 3 months | capillary blood collected (via the ears or fingers) using a Microvette CB Lithium Heparin tube (SARSTEDT AG & C0., Nümbrecht, Germany) |
Secondary
| Measure | Time frame | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Height | 3 months | Subject height was recorded to the nearest 0.1-cm via stadiometer |
| Physical activity | 3 months | Assessed through Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) |
| Body weight | 3 months | Body weight in kg measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis using a 0.5kg clothing offset |
| Lean mass | 3 months | Measured in kg and percentage (%) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis |
| Fat mass | 3 months | Measured in kg and percentage (%) measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis |
| Waist | 3 months | Waist measurement was taken midway between iliac crest and lowest rib |
| Hip | 3 months | Hip circumference was measured over the greater trochanters at their widest point (nearest 0.1cm) |
Countries
United Kingdom
Outcome results
None listed